摘要：高熵合金的多组分特性使其具有许多传统合金无法比拟的优异性能.然而,高熵合金传统的制备方法仍存在一定的局限性.激光选区熔化(SLM)技术可以通过逐层沉积的方式实现复杂零件的精密成形.将SLM技术与高熵合金相结合,可以充分发挥高熵合金的性能优势.本文综述了SLM制备的高熵合金的显微结构和性能特征.由于SLM工艺存在高温梯度和高冷却速率,所以在SLM制备的高熵合金中通常会形成复杂的微观结构,包括胞状亚结构、析出相、层错和纳米孪晶.此外,独特的微观结构为高熵合金带来了优异的力学性能和其他功能,表明利用SLM技术制备高熵合金具有很大的发展潜力.此外,我们还简要介绍了SLM制备的高熵合金的微观缺陷及其应用.本文为高性能高熵合金的设计提供了有益的指导.

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess outstanding features such as corrosion resistance,irradiation resistance,and good mechan-ical properties.A few HEAs have found applications in the fields of aerospace and *** studies on the deformation mech-anisms of HEAs can guide microstructure control and toughness design,which is vital for understanding and studying state-of-the-art structural *** X-ray and neutron diffraction are necessary techniques for materials science research,especially for in situ coupling of physical/chemical fields and for resolving macro/microcrystallographic information on ***,several re-searchers have applied synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to study the deformation mechanisms,phase transformations,stress behaviors,and in situ processes of HEAs,such as variable-temperature,high-pressure,and hydrogenation *** this review,the principles and development of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are presented,and their applications in the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are *** factors that influence the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are also *** review fo-cuses on the microstructures and micromechanical behaviors during tension/compression or creep/fatigue deformation and the application of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to the characterization of dislocations,stacking faults,twins,phases,and intergrain/interphase stress *** on future developments of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and on research directions on the deformation mechanisms of novel metals are discussed.

摘要：As human improve their ability to fabricate materials, alloys have evolved from simple to complex compositions, accordingly improving functions and performances,promoting the advancements of human civilization. In recent years, high-entropy alloys（HEAs） have attracted tremendous attention in various fields. With multiple principal components, they inherently possess unique microstructures and many impressive properties, such as high strength and hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, thermal stability, fatigue,fracture, and irradiation resistance, in terms of which they overwhelm the traditional alloys. All these properties have endowed HEAs with many promising potential *** in-depth understanding of the essence of HEAs is important to further developing numerous HEAs with better properties and performance in the future. In this paper, we review the recent development of HEAs, and summarize their preparation methods, composition design, phase formation and microstructures, various properties, and modeling and simulation calculations. In addition, the future trends and prospects of HEAs are put forward.

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs),which were introduced as a pioneering concept in 2004,have captured the keen interest of nu-merous ***,in this context,can be perceived as representing disorder and *** contrast,elemental composi-tions within alloy systems occupy specific structural sites in space,a concept referred to as *** accordance with Shannon entropy,structure is analogous to ***,the arrangement of atoms within a material,termed its structure,plays a pivotal role in dictating its *** addition to expanding the array of options for alloy composites,HEAs afford ample opportunities for diverse structural *** profound influence of distinct structural features on the exceptional behaviors of alloys is underscored by numer-ous *** features include remarkably high fracture strength with excellent ductility,antiballistic capability,exceptional radi-ation resistance,and corrosion *** this paper,we delve into various unique material structures and properties while elucidating the intricate relationship between structure and performance.

摘要：High-entropy alloys(HEAs)contain multiple principal alloying elements,but usually with simple crystal *** are structurally complex phases,but are generally dominated by only one ***,nearequiatomic high-entropy quasicrystals have rarely been reported because they are difficult to prepare experimentally and predict ***,the preparation and crystal structures of near-equiatomic high-entropy quasicrystals have drawn much *** report a quinary decagonal quasicrystal(DQC)with near-equiatomic alloying elements in Al20Si20Mn20Fe20Ga20 melt-spun ribbons,which is the first to our ***,the structural features of the DQC are characterized in *** configurational entropy of both the alloy and DQC satisfies the entropy-based criterion for HEAs,suggesting a high-entropy *** findings provide a new strategy to develop high-entropy quasicrystals.

摘要：Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied *** electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex *** this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of *** using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was ***,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.

摘要：锂硫电池因其高理论能量密度、环境友好和低廉的成本而被认为是前景广阔的新型储能设备,但在放电后半程中缓慢的还原动力学严重阻碍其实际应用.虽然各种先进的正极材料改善了反应动力学,但硫还原反应(SRR)的复杂机理给提高锂硫电池性能设下许多障碍.深入研究其电催化机理是指导阴极材料设计和应用的重要环节.本文将揭示从Li_(2)S_(3);向Li_(2)_(S))(2)/Li_(2)_(S)的转化机制,即揭示从液相多硫化物到固相多硫化物的硫还原反应.以Ti、V、Fe、Co和Ni单原子催化剂为正极催化材料,建立基于密度泛函理论计算的电催化模型.中间产物^(*)LiS、^(*)LiS_(2)被用作预测反应路径、速率决定步骤和过电位的描述因子.这项工作解释了放电后期可溶多硫化物向不溶多硫化物的转化机理,为设计先进的高性能锂硫电池电催化剂提供了指导.

摘要：ZnO is a typical direct wide-bandgap semiconductor material, which has various morphologies and unique physical and chemical properties, and is widely used in the fields of energy, information technology, biomedicine, and others. The precise design and controllable fabrication of nanostructures have gradually become important avenues to further enhancing the performance of Zn O-based functional nanodevices. This paper introduces the continuous development of patterning technologies, provides a comprehensive review of the optical lithography and laser interference lithography techniques for the controllable fabrication of Zn O nanostructures, and elaborates on the potential applications of such patterned Zn O nanostructures in solar energy, water splitting, light emission devices, and nanogenerators. Patterned Zn O nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure, enlarged surface area, and improved light capture ability, which realize the efficient carrier regulation,achieve highly efficient energy conversion, and meet the diverse requirements of functional nanodevices. The patterning techniques proposed for the precise design of Zn O nanostructures not only have important guiding significance for the controllable fabrication of complex nanostructures of other materials, but also open up a new route for the further development of functional nanostructures.

摘要：热处理是金属材料热机械加工的常用手段.随着热处理温度的升高而湮灭的缺陷通常导致材料的塑性提升而强度降低.本研究中,我们通过提高热处理温度促进相溶解而协同提升了TiZrNbTa高熵合金的强度和塑性.当热处理温度从800提升至1250°C,合金的拉伸屈服强度提高了40%,达到1003±16 MPa.同时,合金的伸长率增加了近一倍,达到16.79%±1.03%.热处理温度提升引起的相溶解加剧了晶格畸变,从而增强了晶格摩擦应力并提升了屈服强度.相溶解也降低了界面失配并缓解了应力集中.此外,1250°C热处理合金中的局部化学有序结构促进了位错共平面滑移和位错增殖.两种机制共同提升了合金的塑性.该研究不仅扩展了关于金属材料中热处理和相溶解的理解,而且也为合金的强韧化设计提供了思路.

摘要：Steels, accounting for a large proportion of metals and their alloys, are still irreplaceable structural materials in industrial applications for a long time. Classical dislocation theory sheds light that strength can be enhanced by impeding the dislocation ***, the ductility depends on the mobility of dislocation movement. As a result, one method of increasing strength or ductility always damages the other. In other words, there is a mutual exclusion between strength and ductility from the perspective of dislocation movement [1].