摘要：A real time system used to detect phase difference between two sinusoidal signals is proposed in this paper. The system is designed to process the phase signal of the far-infrared （FIR） hydrogen cyanide （HCN） interferometer on J-TEXT. It is based on zero-crossing detection and makes use of the digital circuit. Compared with a traditional zero-crossing phase detector, it doesn＇t need to sacrifice the time resolution to expand the phase range. The phase difference is divided into two parts, the integer part and the fraction part. In each detecting cycle, they are detected separately. It outputs digital signals that are more stable for transmission. A prototype was built on J-TEXT using discrete components. A practical method is proposed to deal with the counting error caused by the deviation of electronic components in manufacture. Reasonable results were obtained on the prototype. The phase resolution reaches 2π/64 in test, and can still be improved by raising the clock frequency.

摘要：The DC reactor is an important piece of equipment for restraining loop and ripple currents in the international thermonuclear experimental reactor （ITER） converter power supply system. As the reactor is operated at a steady state of 27.5 kA and needs to withstand a peak current of 175 kA, so the design of the DC reactor used in the ITER converter power supply system is necessary. A new water-cooling dry-type air-core reactor is designed in this work. The detailed structural parameters are calculated by theoretical formulas, and then the structure is optimized by electromagnetic simulation with ANSYS. Finally, thermal and dynamic stability analyses are performed to verify the temperature and stress at a rated current of 27.5 kA and pulsed current of 175 kA. The analysis results show that the temperature and stress meet the requirements of the ITER converter power supply system.

摘要：In a poloidal field （PF） converter module, fuse protection is of great importance to ensure the safety of the thyristors. The fuse is pre-selected in a traditional way and then verified by finite element analysis. A 3D physical model is built by ANSYS software to solve the thermal- electric coupled problem of transient process in case of external fault. The result shows that this method is feasible.

摘要：The DC busbar is an important component for the ITER PF converter module to connect the converter and the reactor. This paper analyzes different cross-sections and different thermodynamic properties under natural-cooling and water-cooling conditions, and simulation is carried out by the software of the finite element method （FEM）. The result of the analysis shows that the water-cooling method is the better choice for the DC busbar.

摘要：有机集成化光电子器件兼具了小型化和多功能性的优势,如集成了有机发光和紫外探测的有机发光紫外探测器件(OLED-UVOPDs).这种器件中的有机光电材料的设计仍然面临重大的挑战.在本文中,以蒽为π桥,腈基苯为受体,三苯胺(TPA)和二甲基三苯胺(2mTPA)分别为给体,设计并合成了两种可用于OLED-UVOPD器件的蓝色发光分子,TPA-AN和2mTPA-AN.它们的发光峰分别位于474和488 nm处,荧光量子产率为51.1%和46.6%.通过单载流子器件计算得到其电子迁移率分别为3.96×10^(-5)和6.63×10^(-7)cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1).基于TPA-AN的OLED器件表现出强的蓝光发射,最大亮度为43,110 cd m^(-2),最大外量子效率(EQE)为8.1%.它们在OLED-UVOPD集成器件中表现出优异的性能,紫外探测率分别为7.18×10^(11)和2.85×10^(12)Jones,最大EQE分别为8.7%和5.9%.

摘要：Both batch-to-batch(B2 B)and roll-to-roll(R2 R)processes can be used for mass production of graphene *** of the simplicity of equipment,the B2 B process is more commonly used in laboratory *** contrast,the R2 R process is more industrially preferred because it is easier to automate and more compatible with the subsequent transfer *** to now,the research on R2 R process has mainly focused on the design of the reactor or the loading configuration,but the in-depth understanding on the growth kinetics is *** this paper,we investigated the evolution of graphene growth and revealed that the graphene domain density grown by the R2 R process was larger than that by the B2 B process with the same reaction parameters,which was attributed to different reaction profiles between the two ***,the defective graphene could be healed with elongated reaction *** the optimized R2 R process,graphene films with quality comparable to those grown by conventional B2 B process could be *** research will promote the development of the mass-production technique for graphene films.

摘要：Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are attracting worldwide attention due to their multiple merits such as extreme safety,low cost,feasible assembly,and environmentally friendly enabled by water-based *** present,AZIBs have experienced systematic advances in battery components including cathode,anode,and electrolyte,whereas research involving separators is *** separator is the crucial component of AZIBs through providing ion transport,forming contact with electrodes,serving as a container for electrolyte,and ensuring the efficient battery *** this great yet ignored significance,it is timely to present the latest advances in design strategies,the systematic classification and summary of *** summarize the separator optimization strategies mainly along two approaches including the modification of the frequently used glass fiber and the exploitation of new *** advantages and disadvantages of the two strategies are analyzed from the material types and the characteristics of different *** effects and mechanisms of various materials on regulating the uniform migration and deposition of Zn2+,balancing the excessively concentrated nucleation points,inhibiting the growth of dendrites,and the occurrence of side reactions were discussed using confinement,electric field regulation,ion interaction force,desolvation,***,potential directions for further improvement and development of AZIBs separators are proposed,aiming at providing helpful guidance for this booming field.

摘要：三维(3D)狄拉克半金属因其独特的拓扑能带结构及优异的光电性能在中/远红外波段的宽光谱光电探测领域具有巨大的应用潜力.然而,由于较大的暗电流,构建具有高信噪比(SNR)的3D狄拉克半金属宽光谱光电探测器仍面临很大挑战.本工作基于分子束外延生长的(Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x))_(3)As_(2)薄膜发展了一种超低器件噪声的3 D狄拉克半金属(Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x))_(3)As_(2)/Sb_(2)Se_(3)背靠背异质结光电探测器线阵.得益于有效的双异质结设计策略,该探测器可以实现从可见光(450 nm)到中红外(4.5μm)波段的室温高性能宽光谱探测器目标,其峰值SNR和D*分别可达104和5.2×10^(12)Jones,并具有相对较快的响应速度(~87.5μs).此外,不同探测器线列单元之间呈现出的稳定性、均匀性特征表明了其在未来应用于光迹实时跟踪等光电子器件中的可行性.该研究为基于3D狄拉克半金属材料制备具有超高SNR的高速宽光谱光电探测器提供了参考策略,展示了半金属在高速非制冷红外焦平面成像阵列探测器中的广阔前景.

摘要：Controllably mounting foreign atoms on the surfaces of earth-abundant electrocatalysts strongly improve their surface electronic properties for optimizing the catalytic performance of surficial sites to an unusual level,and provides a good platform to gain deep insights into catalytic *** present work describes,employing ultrafine W2C nanoislands(average size:2.3 nm)monodispersed on the N,P dual-doped carbon frameworks as a model system,how to regulate the atomic phosphorous-mounting effect on the surfaces of W_(2)C to derive an active and stable P-mounting W_(2)C(WCP)catalyst for both acidic and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Since in situ phosphorus substitution into carbon sites of preformed W_(2)C nanoislands gradually proceeds from surfaces to solids,so that using a proper amount of phosphorus sources can readily control the surface mounting level to avoid the mass P-doping into the *** this way,the activity per active site of WCP catalyst with robust stability can be optimized to 0.07 and 0.56 H_(2 )s^(-1) at-200 mV overpotential in acid and base,respectively,which reach up to the several-fold of pure-phase W_(2)C(0.01 and 0.05 H_(2) s^(-1)).Theoretical investigations suggest that compared with solid P doping,the P mounting on W_(2)C surface can more remarkably enhance its metallicity and decrease the hydrogen release *** finding disclosed a key correlation between surface foreign atom-mounting and catalytic activity,and suggested a logical extension to other earth-abundant catalysts for various catalytic reactions.

摘要：Aqueous hybrid supercapacitors(AHSCs)offer potential safety and eco-friendliness compared with conventional electrochemical energy storage devices that use toxic and flammable organic *** can serve as the bridge between aqueous batteries and aqueous supercapacitors by combining the advantages of high energy of the battery electrode and high power as well as long lifespan of the capacitive *** the past few decades,extensive research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced materials and fascinating device architectures for ***,further development related to the compatibilities between the battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode remains stagnant mainly due to discrepancy encountered in terms of reaction kinetics and *** review focuses on the recent progress made in the field of AHSCs via elucidating the main concepts on the design of battery and capacitive electrodes and emerging *** particular,ingenious AHSCs that possess either better flexibility toward materials selection or better device functionality such as those with“dual-ion”energy storage mechanism and non-polarity feature are also *** advances and unresolved issues in multivalent ion hybrid devices(in particular,zinc-ion AHSCs)are further ***,future research directions and challenges for AHSCs are presented,which are anticipated to deliver higher energy and demonstrate greater multifunctionalities for more breakthrough technology applications.