摘要：Photocatalysis provides a promising solution to the worldwide shortages of energy and industrially important raw materials by utilizing sunlight for coupled hydrogen(H_(2))production with controllable organic ***,we demonstrate that PtFeNiCoCu high-entropy alloy(HEA)nanocrystals can act as efficient cocatalysts for H_(2)evolution coupled with selective oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde by cubic cadmium sulfide(CdS)quantum dots(QDs)with uniform sizes of 4.0±0.5 *** nanocrystals were prepared via a simple solvothermal approach,and were successfully integrated with CdS QDs by an electrostatic self-assembly method to construct HEA/CdS *** optimized HEA/CdS sample presented an enhanced photocatalytic H_(2)production rate of 7.15 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which was 13 times that of pure CdS ***,a cinnamyl alcohol conversion of 96.2%with cinnamaldehyde selectivity of 99.5%was achieved after photoreaction for 3 *** integration of HEA with CdS QDs extended the optical absorption edge from 475 to 484 *** d-band center analysis,Pt atoms in the HEA are the active sites for H_(2)evolution,exhibiting higher catalytic activity than pure ***,the band structure of the CdS QDs enables the oxidative transformation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde with high ***,femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that HEA can significantly promote the separation of photogenerated carriers in CdS,which is vital for achieving enhanced photocatalytic *** work inspires atomic-level design of photocatalytic materials for coordinated production of green energy carriers and value-added products.

摘要：The fixation and conversion of CO_(2)frommedium-and high-temperature industrial exhaust gases arescientifically important and challenging tasks owing to theharsh conditions ***_(2)O_(3),a stable p-block compound,is surprisingly active in the thermal conversion of hot CO_(2)waste gas,but its underlying mechanism remains *** study,we investigated CO_(2)adsorption and activationacross 11 different Ga_(2)O_(3)-terminated faces using densityfunctional *** transfer and chemical bond analysesrevealed the occurrence of two distinct activation mechanismsinvolving synchronous electron gain and loss,driven by astrong synergetic effect between Ga cations and O anions onthe substrate *** Ga-O synergy enhances the CO_(2)activation efficiency compared with single active sites,with CO_(2)^(δ+) cation more readily capturing H atom than CO_(2)^(δ–).Tothe best of our knowledge,such a dual activation mechanismhas not been reported before,particularly for p-block *** findings provide new insights into the direct catalyticconversion of CO_(2)emissions and offer strategies for the rational design of industrial-grade catalysts for medium-andhigh-temperature CO_(2)tail gas conversion.

摘要：Chirality is a unique phenomenon in nature. Chiral interactions play an important role in biological and physiological process- es, which provides much inspiration for scientists to develop cbiral materials. As a breakthrough from traditional materials, bi- ointerface materials based on chiral polymers have attracted increasing interest over the past few years. Such materials ele- gantly combine the advantages of chiral surfaces and traditional polymers, and provide a novel solution not only for the inves- tigation of chiral interaction mechanisms but also for the design of biomaterials with diverse applications, such as in tissue en- gineering and biocompatible materials, bioregulation, chiral separation and chiral sensors. Herein, we summarize recent ad- vances in the study of chiral effects and applications of chiral polymer-based biointerface materials, and also present some challenges and perspectives.

摘要：The rational design and construction of hierarchically porous nanostructure for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is crucial to facilitate the exposure of accessible active sites and promote the mass/electron transfer under the gas-solid-liquid triple-phase condition. Herein, an ingenious method through the pyrolysis of creative polyvinylimidazole coordination with Zn/Fe salt precursors is developed to fabricate hierarchically porous Fe-N-doped carbon framework as efficient ORR electrocatalyst. The volatilization of Zn species combined with the nanoscale Kirkendall effect of Fe dopants during the pyrolysis build the hierarchical micro-, meso-, and macroporous nanostructure with a high specific surface area (1,586 m^(2)·g^(−1)), which provide sufficient exposed active sites and multiscale mass/charge transport channels. The optimized electrocatalyst exhibits superior ORR activity and robust stability in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. The Zn-air battery fabricated by such attractive electrocatalyst as air cathode displays a higher peak power density than that of Pt/C-based Zn-air battery, suggesting the great potential of this electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries.

摘要：Two types of Mg-Cu composition system graded density impactors used for complex loading （shock loading and quasi-isentropic compression） are designed by the elastic-plastic hydrodynamic method in this paper. Mixtures of metal powders in the Mg-Cu system are cast into a series of 17 and 25 uniform compositions ranging from 100% Mg to 100% Cu. The graded den- sity impactors are launched to the stationary 10 Ixm aluminum film and 12 mm LiF window targets by a two-stage light-gas gun in the National key laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, and the resulting wave profiles are measured with the DISAR system. Hydrodynamic simulation results are perfectly consistent with the experiments. Our work in this paper will set up a foundation for further research of controllable loading/releasing routes and rate experiments in the future.

摘要：The limited CO_(2)content in aqueous solution and low adsorption amount of CO_(2)on catalyst surface lead to poor photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity and ***,the design and fabrication of a novel photocatalytic architecture is reported,accomplished via chemical vapor deposition of polymeric carbon nitride on carbon *** as-obtained samples with a hydrophobic surface exhibit excellent CO_(2)transport and adsorption ability,as well as the building of triphase air-liquid-solid(CO_(2)-H_(2)O-catalyst)joint interfaces,eventually resulting in the inhibition of H2 evolution and great promotion of CO_(2)reduction with a selectivity of 78.6%.The addition of phosphate to reaction environment makes further improvement of CO_(2)photoreduction into carbon fuels with a selectivity of 93.8%and an apparent quantum yield of 0.4%.This work provides new insight for constructing efficient photocatalytic architecture of CO_(2)photoreduction in aqueous solution and demonstrates that phosphate could play a key role in this process.

摘要：As promising,low-cost alternatives of lithiumion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage,sodiumion batteries(SIBs)have been studied by many ***,the relatively large size of Na+leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and poor cycling stability in most cathode materials,restricting their further *** this work,we demonstrated a novel K+-intercalated Mn/Ni-based layered oxide material(K0.7Mn0.7Ni0.3O2,denoted as KMNO)with stabilized and enlarged diffusion channels for high energy density SIBs.A spontaneous ion exchange behavior in forming K0.1Na0.7Mn0.7Ni0.3O2between the KMNO electrode and the sodium ion electrolyte was clearly revealed by in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ inductively coupled plasma *** interlayer space varied from 6.90 to 5.76?,larger than that of Na0.7Mn0.7Ni0.3O2(5.63?).The enlarged ionic diffusion channels can effectively increase the ionic diffusion coefficient and simultaneously provide more K+storage sites in the product *** a proof-of-concept application,the SIBs with the as-prepared KMNO as a cathode display a high reversible discharge capacity(161.8 mA h g-1at0.1 A g-1),high energy density(459 W h kg-1)and superior rate capability of 71.1 mA h g-1at 5 A *** work demonstrates that the K+pre-intercalation strategy endows the layered metal oxides with excellent sodium storage performance,which provides new directions for the design of cathode materials for various batteries.

摘要：The robust porous architectures of active materials are highly desired for oxygen electrodes in lithium–oxygen batteries to enable high capacities and excellent reversibility. Herein, we report a novel three-dimensional replication strategy to fabricate three-dimensional architecture of porous carbon for oxygen electrodes in lithium–oxygen batteries. As a demonstration, ball-flower-like carbon microspheres assembled with tortuous hollow carbon nanosheets are successfully prepared by completely replicating the morphology of the nanostructured zinc oxide template and utilizing the polydopamine coating layer as the carbon *** used as the active material for oxygen electrodes, the three-dimensional porous architecture of the prepared ballflower-like carbon microspheres can accommodate the discharge product lithium peroxide and simultaneously maintain the ions and gas diffusion paths. Moreover, their high degrees of defectiveness by nitrogen doping provide sufficient active sites for oxygen reduction/evolution *** the prepared ball-flower-like carbon microspheres demonstrate a high capacity of 9,163.7 mA h g-1 and excellent reversibility. This work presents an effective way to prepare three-dimensional architectures of porous carbon by replicating the controllable nanostructures of transition metal oxide templates for energy storage and conversion applications.

摘要：Lithium nickel manganese oxide spinel(Li Ni0.5-Mn1.5O4, LNMO) has attracted much attention as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, the short cycle life and poor high-rate capability hinder its commercialization. In this study, we synthesized hollow spherical LNMO built from polyhedral particles. The LNMO hollow structure guarantees sufficient contact with electrolyte and rapid diffusion of lithium ions. To enhance the conductivity, we use carbon nanotubes(CNTs) to modify the surface of the cathode. After CNT modification, the LNMO hollow structure manifests outstanding cycling stability and high-rate capability. It delivers a discharge capacity of 127 m A h g-1 at 5 C, maintaining 104 m A h g-1 after 500 cycles. Even at a high rate of 20 C, a capacity of 121 m A h g-1 can be obtained. The excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the unique structure and the enhanced conductivity through CNT modification. It is demonstrated that the CNTmodified hollow spherical LNMO is a promising cathode for lithium ion batteries.

摘要：Energy crisis and environmental problems urgently drive the proposal of new strategies to improve human wellbeing and assist sustainable *** this end,scientists have explored many metal oxides-based photocatalysts with high stability,low cost,earth abundance,and potentially high catalytic activity relevant for key applications such as H2O splitting,CO2 reduction,N2 fixation,and advanced oxidation of *** these metal oxides,oxygen vacancies(OVs)are ubiquitous and intrinsic defects with pronounced impacts on the physicochemical properties of the catalysts,which may open new opportunities for obtaining efficient metal *** thorough understanding of the structural and electronic nature of OVs is necessary to determine how they serve as catalytically active *** this review,we summarize the origin of OVs,the strategies to introduce OVs,as well as the fundamental structure-activity relationships to relate these crystal defects to catalyst properties including light absorption,charge separation,*** emphasize the mechanism of OVs formation and their effects on the intrinsic catalytic characteristics of the metal *** also present some multicomponent catalytic platforms where OVs contribute to catalysis via ***,opportunities and challenges on engineering defects in photocatalysts are summarized to highlight the future directions of this research field.