摘要：Rationally designing sulfur hosts with the functions of confining lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and promoting sulfur reaction kinetics is critically important to the real implementation of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)***,the defect-rich carbon black(CB)as sulfur host was successfully constructed through a rationally regulated defect ***-obtained defect-rich CB can act as an active electrocatalyst to enable the sulfur redox reaction kinetics,which could be regarded as effective inhibitor to alleviate the LiPS *** expected,the cathode consisting of sulfur and defect-rich CB presents a high rate capacity of 783.8 mA·h·g^−1 at 4 C and a low capacity decay of only 0.07% per cycle at 2 C over 500 cycles,showing favorable electrochemical *** strategy in this investigation paves a promising way to the design of active electrocatalysts for realizing commercially viable Li-S batteries.

摘要：Refractory alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum based alloys with high strength,thermal/electrical conductivity,low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent creep resistances are highly desirable for applications in nuclear facilities,critical components in aerospace and defense ***,the serious embrittlement limits the engineering usability of some refractory alloys.A lot of research results indicate that the performances of refractory alloys are closely related to the physical/chemical status,such as the interface dimension,interface type,interface composition of their grain boundaries(GBs),phase boundaries(PBs)and other interface *** paper reviewed the recent progress of simulations and experiments on interface design strategies that achieve high performance refractory *** strategies include GB interface purifying/strengthening,PB interface strengthening and PB/GB synergistic *** details are provided on the design/fabrication strategy such as GB interface controlling,PB interface controlling and synergistic control of multi-scaled *** corresponding performances such as the mechanical property,thermal conductivity,thermal load resistance,thermal stability,irradiation resistance,and oxidation resistance are reviewed in the aspect to the effect of *** addition,the relationships between these interfaces and material properties are ***,future developments and potential new research directions for refractory alloys are proposed.

摘要：In this article,three novel and simple molecular structure with donor-acceptor(D-A) type copolymers via only head-to-head alkoxy(OR) and/or alkylthio(SR) side chains onto the bithiophene(BT) as donor units and fluorinated benzotriazole(FBTA) as acceptor unit,namely,PBTOR-FBTA,PBTOSR-FBTA and PBTSRFBTA,were successfully designed and *** impacts of sulfur-oxygen(S…O) or sulfur-sulfur(S-S) noncovalent interactions on their physicochemical properties,molecular stacking,carrier mobility,morphologies of blend films,as well as their photovoltaic performance were deeply and systematically *** introduction of SR side-chains suddenly lowered the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy levels,blue-shifted absorption,enhanced π-π stacking,as well as improved morphology of the photoactive layer blends in comparison with the re ference polymer without SR *** solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated to estimate their photovoltaic performance of the *** an optimized blend ratio of PBTSR-FBTA:PC71BM(1:0.8,w/w),the PBTSR-FBTAbased device exhibits a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 6.25%,which is about 3.34 and 1.87 folds than that of the PBTOR-FBTA and PBTOSR-FBTA-based devices,*** research results demonstrate that the modification of the simple and low-cost SR side chains is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of the polymers.

摘要：Actinide-based catalysts have been regarded as promising candidates for N_(2) fixation owing to their unique 5f orbital with flexible oxidation ***,we report for the first time the dispersion of uranium(U)single atoms on TiO_(2) nanosheets via oxygen vacancy confinement for N_(2) *** single-atom U catalyst exhibited a high NH_(3) yield of 40.57μg h^(-1) mg^(-1),with a reasonably high Faraday efficiency of 25.77%,ranking first among the reported nitrogen-free ***-labeling operando synchrotron infrared spectroscopy verifies that the key*N_(2)H_(y) intermediate species was derived from the N_(2) gas of the *** using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy,we found enhanced metal-support interaction between U single atoms and TiO_(2) lattice with more U-O_(latt) coordination under working *** simulations suggest that the evolved 1O_(ads)-U-4O_(latt) moieties act as a critical electronfeedback center,lowering the thermodynamic energy barrier for the N_(2) dissociation and the first hydrogenation *** work provides the possibility of tailoring the interaction between metal active sites and supports for designing high-performance actinide-based single-atom catalysts.