摘要：Introduction Why do we focus on human liver biliary organoids?The three-dimensional(3D)organoid approach is emerging as a powerful tool for basic study and biomedical applications due to its excellent recapitulation of the structure and functions of the primary tissues[1-3].Liver biliary organoids are derived from the biliary tree,which includes the intrahepatic bile duct(IHBD)and extrahepatic bile duct(EHBD).