摘要：Recognizing the drawbacks of stand-alone computer-aided tools in engineering, several hybrid systems are suggested with varying degree of success. In transforming the design concept to a finished product, in particular, smooth interfacing of the design data is crucial to reduce product cost and time to market. Having a product model that contains the complete product description and computer-aided tools that can understand each other are the primary requirements to achieve the interfacing goal. This article discusses the development methodology of hybrid engineering software systems with particular focus on application of soft computing tools such as genetic algorithms and neural networks. Forms of hybridization options are discussed and the applications are elaborated using two case studies. The forefront aims to develop hybrid systems that combine the strong side of each tool, such as, the learning, pattern recognition and classification power of neural networks with the powerful capacity of genetic algorithms in global search and optimization. While most optimization tasks need a certain form of model, there are many processes in the mechanical engineering field that are difficult to model using conventional modeling techniques. The proposed hybrid system solves such difficult-to-model processes and contributes to the effort of smooth interfacing design data to other downstream processes.

摘要：Problem: There is a need to collect the many and varied data on AD/HD (Attention deficit hyper-activity disorder) into a meaningful overview. Method: Based on peer reviewed and published data as well as own research we try to make sense of the physiological mechanisms resulting in the relevant symptoms. Conclusion: AD/HD clearly has a genetic disposition, but as with many other genetic syndromes, the resulting proteomics must be stressed to become manifest as disease/ disorder. A common trait in the different etiologies is lower arousal.

摘要：以太坊智能合约本质上是一种在网络上由相互间没有信任关系的节点共同执行的已被双方认证程序。目前,大量的智能合约被用于管理数字资产,使智能合约成为黑客的重要攻击对象。常见的攻击方法是通过利用智能合约的漏洞来实现特定操作的入侵攻击。ContractGuard是首次提出面向以太坊区块链智能合约的入侵检测系统,它能检测智能合约的潜在攻击行为。ContractGuard的入侵检测主要依赖检测潜在攻击可能引发的异常控制流来实现。由于智能合约运行在去中心化的环境以及在高度受限的环境中运行,现有的IDS技术或者工具等以外部拦截形式的部署架构不适合于以太坊智能合约。为了解决这些问题,通过设计一个嵌入式的架构,实现了把ContractGuard直接嵌入智能合约的执行代码中,作为智能合约的一部分。在运行时刻,ContractGuard通过相应的context-tagged无环路径来实现入侵检测,从而保护智能合约。由于嵌入了额外的代码,ContractGuard一定程度上会增加智能合约的部署开销与运行开销,为了降低这两方面的开销,基于以太坊智能合约的特性对ContractGuard进行优化。实验结果显示,可有效地检测83%的异常行为,其部署开销仅增加了36.14%,运行开销仅增加了28.17%。