摘要：Colloidal crystals are periodically ordered arrays of monodisperse colloidal particles which represent a new class of self-assembled materials showing potential applications in many ***-dimensional graphic nanostructures based on colloidal crystals have inherent periodicity from tens of nanometers to several micrometers,which gives them rich and interesting optical *** article presents a comprehensive review about the current research activities on the self-assembly of colloidal spheres which is an effective strategy for fabrication of various hierarchical and ordered nanostructures,with particular attention paid to the unique properties and applications of the colloidal crystal-based *** main aspects are elaborated:a)controllable self-assembly of colloidal crystals;b)the functions of the obtained colloidal spheres acting as the patterned mask for successive construction of numerous nanostructures;c)the novel properties and promising optical applications of the patterned nanostructures in various domains,such as plasmonic-related fields,antireflection,photonic crystals,photocatalysis and electronic *** that,the current challenges and future perspectives in this area are *** review aims to inspire more ingenious designs and exciting research for manufacturing nanostructures utilizing colloidal self-assembly.