摘要：Road throughput can be increased by driving at small inter-vehicle time gaps. The amplification of velocity disturbances in upstream direction, however, poses limitations to the minimum feasible time gap. This effect is covered by the notion of string stability. String-stable behavior is thus considered an essential requirement for the design of automatic distance control systems, which are needed to allow for safe driving at time gaps well below 1 s. Using wireless inter-vehicle communications to provide real-time information of the preceding vehicle, in addition to the information obtained by common Adaptive Cruise Control （ACC） sensors, appears to significantly decrease the feasible time gap, which is shown by practical experiments with a test fleet consisting of six passenger vehicles. The large-scale deployment of this system, known as Cooperative ACC （CACC）, however, poses challenges with respect to the reliability of the wireless communication system. A solution for this scalability problem can be found in decreasing the transmission power and/or beaconing rate, or adapting the communications protocol. Although the main CACC objective is to increase road throughput, the first commercial application of CACC is foreseen to be in truck platooning, since short distance following is expected to yield significant fuel savings in this case.

摘要：轮胎模拟是当今轮胎行业技术研究的一项必要手段。汽车制造商、政府部门和消费者要求轮胎在任何情况下都具有更好的牵引性能和更低的磨耗，还要求轮胎有更低的噪声和滚动阻力。因此，在轮胎设计过程中采用有限元分析来解决这些互相制约的需求问题。轮胎有限元模拟可以深入了解轮胎的特殊性能，缩短开发时间，降低开发成本。评测轮胎操纵性能必须准确预测轮胎在道路上的静态变形和动态滚动响应。