摘要：Classical transonic hodograph-based design methods are employed and revitalized using modern numerical tools to illustrate the design of a symmetrical accelerating-decelerating nozzle throat design. The concept of Elliptic Continuation is applied to solve transonic boundary value problems avoiding the inherently nonlinear nature of the basic equations and obtaining transonic flow examples using the Method of Characteristics in an inverse mode. Purpose of the present paper, besides describing a new special flow example, is to keep these classical methods alive for education of a new generation of creative engineers.

摘要：理解单原子催化的基本机理对于设计高性能和高稳定性的催化剂体系至关重要.然而,这是个有待解决的问题,因为用现有的实验技术来表征单原子催化活性位极端困难.在过去的40年里,表面科学为理解多相催化提供了基础,但是有关反应温度下、已知结构金属氧化物上稳定的金属原子的模型体系罕见报道.本视角讨论了已知的、吸附在模型金属氧化物表面上的、孤立的金属原子,并探讨了如何利用这些信息去理解单原子催化.一个关键的问题是,尽管在表面科学研究中的高度理想化的模型体系可能无法代表真实反应条件下的催化剂,但是它们与采用理论模拟计算得出的模型非常相似.因此,表面科学有望成为评估单原子催化模型的方法.更令人兴奋的是,几个研究组已经发展出在升温条件下金属吸附原子仍保持稳定的模型体系.但到目前为止,还不能清楚地解释催化活性.最后,本文简要地讨论了在真实反应条件下扫描隧道显微镜的实验前景.

摘要：This article presents a methodology for the integration of building performance simulation （BPS） into the writing of architectural history. While BPS tools have been developed mainly for design purposes, their current maturity enables to reliably apply them in simulating the performance of past buildings, even when these buildings have been significantly modified or demolished. The possibility to virtually reconstruct the performance of past buildings can help us to overcome the existing knowledge gap in the understanding of the role played by building performance and building performance research through the history of architecture and can therefore promote the intelligent and successful application of environmental features in contemporary architecture. The potential of the proposed methodology is presented here using a historical case study from 1960s Israel （a university building in Tel Aviv）, in which climatic considerations were an explicit part of the entire design process. The original thermal performance of the building was analysed by employing the EnergyPlus simulation engine, and the simulation results were used for evaluating the climatic impact of certain design decisions, comparing them with the proclaimed design goals and the original intentions of the architects.