摘要：Efficie nt in teracti on betwee n art and tech no logy en abled Islamic architecture to actively experience early globalization, but today's separation between these domains and technological hegemony have presented challenges to Islamic architecture. Accordingly, this research was aimed at illuminating art and technology interactions in Islamic architecture during early globalization when it flourished along with Christian architecture. To this end, logical reasoning and qualitative data an alysis were performed in parallel on 12 chai ns of mostly worshipone nted artworks, such as mosques and churches. The results indicated that art and tech no logy interactions in Islamic and Christian architecture were underlain by the same nature and seque ntial pattern of begi nning from primitive tech no logy and endi ng with inn ovative technology (art). The cultural and technological value of these architectural styles eventually crossed geographical boundaries. Therefore, the beneficial interactions between art and technology enabled Islamic and Christian architecture to participate in globalization through the con veya nee of their value to other regi ons eve n as d if fere nces existed in the measures implemented for such transmission.

摘要：The developments in power transmission via HVDC networks are fast,especially in Western Europe and *** challenges that we are confronted with are huge and considerable research and development efforts are *** attention is needed for high voltage direct current(HVDC)and ultra-high voltage dc(UHVDC)underground *** the highest voltage levels,we are still dependent upon classic technology based on mass-impregnated paper used in line commutated converter(LCC)***,more and more polymeric type cables are appearing on the market,as yet mainly for voltage source converter(VSC)*** financial,environmental and technical reasons the full focus is now on polymeric type cables,for use in LCC or VSC *** this paper,a closer look is taken at the interfaces in polymeric cable systems,*** the cables and in the cable *** the design process,we are challenged by the presence of interfaces from an electrical and thermal point of *** the field of electrical insulation,the interfaces between different materials are generally considered the weakest parts of the equipment and under DC stresses the situation becomes even more complex due to the charge dynamics at the ***,the design of(U)HVDC accessories has become a challenge if not a *** paper focuses on some of the important electrical and thermal aspects of interfaces in HVDC polymeric *** is discussed where we lack knowledge and where we may benefit from other scientific

摘要：There is the challenge to use materials in a more sustainable *** though cork has an interesting eco-profile as a material,other aspects contributing to an enhanced sustainable use of the resource are discussed:addressing the life-span of products,materials substitution,and the trend of materials development identified.

摘要：The paper presents a dynamic model intervened by urban design for the decision-making of land development intensity, which expresses the inherent interaction mechanism between lands based on the evaluation of land attributes and their similarity relationship. Each land unit is described with several factors according to their condition and potential for development, such as land function, accessibility, historical site control, landscape control, and so on. Then, the dynamic reference relationship between land units is established according to the similarity relationship between their factors. That means lands with similar conditions tend to have similar development intensities, which expresses the rule of the spontaneous urban development. Therefore, the development intensities of the pending lands can be calculated by the confirmed ones. Furthermore, the system can be actively intervened by adjusting the parameters according to urban design or planning intentions. And the reaction of the system offers effective support and reference for reasonable decision. The system with multiple intervention input is not only a credible tool for deriving development intensities, but also a platform to activate urban design conception. Above all, the system as a socio-technical tool integrates the optimization of form, function and environment, and embodies the principle of impersonality, justice and flexibility in the decision of land development intensity.

摘要：Complementing our previous publications, this paper presents the information schema constructs （ISCs） that underpin the programming of specific system manifestation feature （SMF） orientated information management and composing system models. First, we briefly present （1） the general process of pre-embodiment design with SMFs, （2） the procedures of creating genotypes and phenotypes of SMFs, （3） the specific procedure of instantiation of phenotypes of SMFs, and （4） the procedure of system model management and processing. Then, the chunks of information needed for instantiation of phenotypes of SMFs are discussed, and the ISCs designed for instantiation presented. Afterwards, the information management aspects of system modeling are addressed. Methodologically, system modeling involves （1） placement of phenotypes of SMF in the modeling space, （2） combining them towards the desired architecture and operation, （3） assigning values to the parameters and checking the satisfac- tion of constraints, and （4） storing the system model in the SMFs-based warehouse database. The final objective of the reported research is to develop an SMFs-based toolbox to support modeling of cyber-physical systems （CPSs）.

摘要：Many children show a lot of interest in playing with sand.I will discuss about the features that sand play as a loose part in children s imaginative *** online video observation,six features were *** factors can be implemented into real design projects for *** some relevant questions such as gender and age about sand play will be discussed.

摘要：Places of large potentials of sustainable energy production and places of large energy consumption are often very different and separated by large distances across the globe. This paper first discusses potentials of solar technology in terms of global availability using PV （photovoltaic） technology and actual energy production. Solar energy is widely under-used and one way to reduce this is to improve production in low-energy places with high demand： large cities. According to this option, about 40% of the electricity consumption in the built environment could be produced by solar PV systems and energy storage systems. This paper discusses conditions in the built environment and functional and design qualities enabling an increased diffusion of the technologies In a comparative analysis of PV technologies, the criteria taken into account encompass efficiency of the type of solar cell and commercial availability. Special attention is paid to the design features of different PV systems, like flexibility, colour and transparency that might help in their utilization as integrated in building material and ornaments in modem architecture. The same procedure is followed for electricity storage devices. The preliminary conclusion is that at present the freedom of design is largest for a combination of crystalline silicon PV cells and Li-ion batteries.

摘要：This paper reviews the use of fiber-reinforced polymers （FRPs） in architectural and structural bridge design in the Netherlands. The challenges and opportunities of this relatively new material, both for the architect and the engineer, are discussed. An inventory of recent structural solutions in FRP is included, followed by a discussion on architectural FRP applications derived from the architectural practice of the author and of other pioneers.

摘要：Sustainable architecture is complex. Many aspects, differently important to many stakeholders, are to be optimized. BIM should be used for this. Building Information Modellingis a collaborative process where all stakeholders integrate and optimize their information in a digital 3D model. Sometimes it is called Green BIM. But what exactly is that？ Is the International Standard Organization IFC standard useful for this？ And is it compatible with new developments in parametric design？ Advantages and disadvantages of BIM are listed. Full parametric design is needed because it keeps the design flexible and open for changes until the end of the design process. However it is not compatible with IFC; only object parametric design is. A possible way out of this paradox could be the use of scripts that only create objects if they are not already in the BIM database and otherwise only adapt their properties. An example of parametric sustainable architectural design explains the mentioned issues.

摘要：Temporary high water floods may cause considerable damage. Protection against such flooding may be achieved with high dikes or walls. However, such rigid permanent structures may spoil the local architectures and views and may be quite expensive. Temporary collapsible structures do not have such disadvantages. This paper proposes such a temporary structure, consisting of a strong membrane made out of strong UHMWPE fibers (Dyneema?), a floating body and mooring cables. A two dimensional calculation scheme is presented and the calculation results are used for design considerations regarding the approximation of optimal configurations.