摘要：Orthopedic bone plates are most commonly used for bone fracture fixation for more than 100 *** bone plate design had evolved over time overcoming many challenges such as insufficient strength and excessive plate–bone contact affecting the blood ***,it is only made of two materials,either stainless steel(AISI 316L)or titanium(Ti–6Al–4V).There are two main limitations of metallic bone implants,namely stress shielding and the problem of malocclusion caused by the displacement of the fracture site during *** overcome the two problems,a new bone plate design with the incorporation of auxetic structures is proposed in this *** study aims to use auxetic structure section in the bone plate that would decrease the stiffness of the region,thereby mitigating the stress-shielding effect and at the same time act as a deformable section to enable intra-operative bending for effective alignment while having enough bending strength and *** different auxetic structures namely re-entrant honeycomb and missing rib structures were *** auxetic structure incorporated bone plates were designed,finite element analysis was done,fabricated using direct metal laser sintering technique,and *** results indicate that the re-entrant honeycomb structure incorporated bone plates serve as an effective bone design compared to the conventional bone plate design,in terms of stress shielding and intra-operative bending while offering similar mechanical and bending strength.

摘要：Summary of main observation and conclusion Macrocycle has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry due to its unique advantages and good prospects,but the difficulties in drug design and synthesis of macrocycle limit its *** this study,a series of macrocyclic derivatives designed from anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)inhibitor lorlatinib were synthesized as Janus kinase 2(JAK2)selective *** them,17f had the best inhibitory activity(IC50=0.177μmol·L^-1)and selectivity for JAK2 over JAK1 and JAK3,which indicated that design of the macrocyclic derivatives might be a feasible strategy for the discovery of novel selective JAK2 inhihitors.

摘要：The need for long-term treatments of chronic diseases has motivated the widespread development of long-acting parenteral formulations(LAPFs)with the aim of improving drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic *** have been proven to extend the half-life of therapeutics,as well as to improve patient adherence;consequently,this enhances the outcome of therapy *** past decades,considerable progress has been made in designing effective LAPFs in both preclinical and clinical *** we review the latest advances of LAPFs in preclinical and clinical stages,focusing on the strategies and underlying mechanisms for achieving long *** strategies are classified into manipulation of in vivo clearance and manipulation of drug release from delivery systems,*** the current challenges and prospects of each strategy are *** addition,we also briefly discuss the design principles of LAPFs and provide future perspectives of the rational design of more effective LAPFs for their further clinical translation.

摘要：Alkali-water electrolyzers and hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells are emerging as promising technologies to realize hydrogen *** cost-effective electrode materials with high activities towards corresponding hydrogen evolution(HER)and oxidation(HOR)reactions plays a crucial role in commercial hydrogen production and ***,we fabricated a V-doped Ni_(3)N/Ni heterostructure(V-Ni_(3)N/Ni)through a controlled nitridation treatment on a V-incorporated nickel hydroxide *** resultant catalyst exhibits comparable catalytic activity and durability to commercial Pt/C in terms of both HER(a low overpotential of 44 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2))and HOR(a high current density of 1.54 mA·cm^(-2)at 0.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode)under alkaline *** superior activity of V-Ni_(3)N/Ni grown on different substrates further implies its intrinsic *** functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the coupled metallic Ni and doped V can promote the water adsorption,accelerate the Volmer step of alkaline HER,as well as optimize the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen intermediate(H^(*))to reach a balancedΔGH*value.

摘要：Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low ***,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines give rise to challenges,such as prolonged lithium extraction periods,diminished lithium extraction efficiency,and considerable environmental *** this work,Li FePO4(LFP)served as the electrode material for electrochemical lithium *** conductive network in the LFP electrode was optimized by adjusting the type of conductive *** approach resulted in high lithium extraction efficiency and extended cycle *** the single conductive agent of acetylene black(AB)or multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was replaced with the mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs,the average diffusion coefficient of Li+in the electrode increased from 2.35×10^(-9)or 1.77×10^(-9)to 4.21×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1).At the current density of 20 mA·g^(-1),the average lithium extraction capacity per gram of LFP electrode increased from 30.36 mg with the single conductive agent(AB)to 35.62 mg with the mixed conductive agent(AB/MWCNTs).When the mixed conductive agent was used,the capacity retention of the electrode after 30 cycles reached 82.9%,which was considerably higher than the capacity retention of 65.8%obtained when the single AB was ***,the electrode with mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs provided good cycling *** the conductive agent content decreased or the loading capacity increased,the electrode containing the mixed conductive agent continued to show excellent electrochemical ***,a self-designed,highly efficient,continuous lithium extraction device was *** electrode utilizing the AB/MWCNT mixed conductive agent maintained excellent adsorption capacity and cycling performance in this *** work provides a new perspective for the electrochemical extraction of lithium using LFP electrodes.

摘要：The safety of astronauts would be severely threatened if the lunar-landing spacecraft were under an emergency during the near moon phase of flight, which was far from the Earth. For the problem of mission abort caused by the main engine (service propulsion system, SPS) failure during lunar orbit insertion, firstly, the family of trajectories resulted from SPS premature shutdown and corresponding abort trajectories were analyzed; then an algorithm that can be applied to the near moon abort trajectories was proposed using patched-conic technique. The characteristics of the abort trajectory, such as energy consumption and return time of flight, were analyzed and presented. Finally, simulation examples were given to demonstrate various cases of near moon SPS failure. The results of the simulation have validated the approach proposed.

摘要：Silicon suboxide(SiOx)is considered to be one of the most promising materials for next-generation anode due to its high energy *** its preparation,the wet-chemistry method is a cost-effective and readily scalable route,while the so-derived SiOx usually shows lower capacity compared with that prepared by high temperature-vacuum evaporation ***,we present an elaborate particle structure design to realize the wet-chemistry preparation of a high-performance SiOx/C ***-like highly porous SiOx particle coated with conformal carbon layer is designed and *** highly-porous SiOx skeleton provides plenty specific surface for intimate contact with carbon layer to allow a deep reduction of SiOx to a low O/Si ratio at relatively low temperature(700℃),enabling a high specific *** abundant mesoscale voids effectively accommodate the volume variation of SiOx skeleton,ensuring the high structural stability of SiOx@C during lithiation/delithiation ***,the three-dimensional(3D)conformal carbon layer provides a fast electron/ion transportation,allowing an enhanced electrodereaction *** to the optimized O/Si ratio and well-engineered structure,the prepared SiOx@C electrode delivers an ultra-high capacity(1,115.8 mAh·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1 after 200 cycles)and ultra-long lifespan(635 mAh·g^-1 at 2 A·g^-l after 1,000 cycles).To the best of our knowledge,the achieved combination of ultra-high specific capacity and ultra-long cycling life is unprecedented.

摘要：Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet（2 MHz） is required for rock core analysis. However, due to its low field strength, it is hard to achieve a high uniform B0 field only by using the passive shimming. Therefore, active shimming is necessarily used to further improve uniformity for Halbach magnet. In this work, an equivalent magnetic dipole method is presented for designing shim coils. The minimization of the coil power dissipation is considered as an optimal object to minimize coil heating effect, and the deviation from the target field is selected as a penalty function term. The lsqnonlin optimization toolbox of MATLAB is used to solve the optimization problem. Eight shim coils are obtained in accordance with the contour of the stream function. We simulate each shim coil by ANSYS Maxwell software to verify the validity of the designed coils. Measurement results of the field distribution of these coils are consistent with those of the target *** uniformity of the B0 field is improved from 114.2 ppm to 26.9 ppm after using these shim coils.

摘要：The conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)equipment cannot measure large volume samples nondestructively in the engineering site for its heavy weight and closed *** order to realize the mobile MRI,this study focuses on the design of gradient coil of unilateral *** unilateral MRI system is used to image the local area above the *** current density distribution of the gradient coil cannot be used as a series of superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance gradient coils,because the region of interest(ROI)and the wiring area of the unilateral magnet are both cylindrical side arc ***,the equivalent magnetic dipole method is used to design the gradient coil,and the algorithm is improved for the special case of the wiring area and the ROI,so the X and Y gradient coils are ***,a flexible printed circuit board(PCB)is used to fabricate the gradient coil,and the magnetic field distribution of the ROI is measured by a Gauss meter,and the measured results match with the simulation *** gradient linearities of x and y coils are 2.82%and 3.56%,respectively,less than 5%of the commercial gradient coil requirement.

摘要：前言虽然设计可以被很本质地理解为造型亦或布局,并且可以通过不同方式进一步被探讨和挖掘,但是对于我们而言似乎仍然是一个很难理解的概念。正如Phillipe Jullien所指出的针对我们如何理解中文里那些相似的概念那样,术语夹在对于物质(即自身的状态、外形和结构)和驱动力或者影响(创造形式、效能、以及意义的过程)的过度区分之间。这一问题,如同所有的二分法一样,过于抽象,以致难以理解。