摘要：石墨烯因其高载流子迁移率和宽光谱吸收范围而广泛应用于光电探测。然而,其低光吸收率导致的高暗电流严重限制了它的光电探测性能。钼基二硫族化合物(MoX_(2),X=S、Se和Te)具有高的吸收系数,能够弥补石墨烯基光电探测器中暗电流较高的劣势,因此基于石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结的光电探测器能够表现出优异的光电子特性。本综述首先回顾了光电探测器的工作原理、性能指标和结构。之后,从材料基础的角度突出了石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结光电探测器的重要性。接着,总结了石墨烯/MoX_(2)范德华异质结光电探测器的制备方法和性能增强策略。最后,强调了这类异质结光电探测器当前面临的挑战及未来的发展方向。本综述将为这类高性能范德华异质结光电探测器的设计提供一定的指导和参考。

摘要：近年来,由于地球上钠资源分布广泛和丰富,钠离子电池的研究引起了人们的极大兴趣。目前,钠离子电池仍面临着能量密度低、循环稳定性不理想等关键科学问题。钠离子电池存储性能的提高需要对其电极材料储钠微观机制的全面和精确的理解。尽管研究者们已经开展了大量的原位透射电子显微学研究来揭示钠离子电池负极材料的储钠特性和微观机制,但是相关的综述鲜见报道。鉴于此,本文综述了近年来原位透射电子显微镜在研究钠离子电池负极材料储钠过程中材料的形貌、微观结构和化学成分等的演化与微观机理的研究进展,阐明了钠离子电池负极材料的组成/结构与钠离子电池电化学性能之间的构效关联。本综述旨在为高效钠离子电池负极材料的高效选择和合理设计提供参考。

摘要：在本研究中,通过3D打印技术,开发了一种由连续碳纤维/尼龙(CCF)和短碳纤维/尼龙(SCF)组成的高抗冲击多层复合材料.通过低速冲击试验研究了CCF/SCF层分布结构对复合材料抗冲击性能的影响,并通过微观观察和有限元模拟分析探讨了复合材料的冲击破坏机理.结果表明:SCF层位于试样中间的3D打印多层复合材料具有更高的抗冲击性能;通过有限元模拟研究了CCF/SCF层比例对冲击性能的影响,当CCF/SCF层比例为7.0时,冲击强度最高.

摘要：减轻组织的机械性压力在治愈糖尿病相关的足溃疡所需的多种干预措施中最为重要。本文是2023年国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)发布的减压治疗促进糖尿病相关的足溃疡愈合的循证指南,也是对2019年IWGDF指南的更新。我们遵循推荐、评估、发展和评价分级(GRADE)方法学,以患者-干预-比较-结局(patient-intervention-control-outcome,PICO)模式设计临床问题和重要结果,进行系统评价和Meta分析,制定评判表汇总,为每个问题编写推荐和理由。每项推荐都是基于系统综述中发现的证据,在无证据情况下则采用专家意见,以及对判断项目的GRADE等级总结进行仔细权衡,包括可预期和不可预期的影响、证据的确定性、患者价值、所需资源、成本效益、公平性、可行性和可接受性。为了治愈糖尿病患者神经性前足底或中足底溃疡,要使用不可拆卸的齐膝高减压装置作为首选减压干预措施。如果患者存在对不可拆卸减压装置的禁忌证或不能耐受,考虑使用可拆卸齐膝(或踝)高减压装置作为减压干预措施的第二选择。如果无可用的减压装置,考虑使用合适的鞋具结合毡制泡沫作为减压干预措施的第三选择。如果这种非手术减压治疗不能治愈前足底溃疡,可以考虑跟腱延长术、跖骨头切除术、关节置换术或跖骨截骨术。为了治疗继发于屈趾畸形的神经性足底或小趾远端溃疡,可行趾屈肌腱切开术。为了促进后足、非足底或并发感染或缺血的溃疡的愈合,提出了进一步的推荐。所有推荐都已在减压临床路径中进行了总结,以帮助促进本指南在临床实践中的实施。这些减压推荐将帮助医务人员为糖尿病相关的足溃疡患者提供最佳的治疗和预后,降低患者感染、住院和截肢的风险。

摘要：The systematical studies of Zr-based BMGs were summarized in terms of their compositional design and their structural characterization. In particular, several key issues of BMG materials were focused, including initial alloy design and subsequent composition optimization, solidification microstructure characterization and crystallization process specification. The results show that a compositional designing approach is successfully developed and, through extensive microstructure characterization using transmission electron microscopy, several new crystalline phases are discovered in these newly developed Zr-based BMG alloys. Crystallization behavior of Zr-based BMG is also determined based on the microstructure analysis.

摘要：一个简化方法对装载的吃惊在地下的岩石大洞 / 隧道为具体衬里的设计被建议。装载可以在地面表面或邻近大洞 / 隧道的爆炸的地面穿入射弹上源于炸药的爆炸。产生问题要求一致地在跨度上散布的一个短暂压力装载的一根横梁的动力学的答案。根据有岩石门栓和 shotcrete 的系统的机械特征，一个动态支持设计方法基于自由(SDOF ) 的相等的单个度被提出。SDOF 方法被用于获得最大的排水量在横梁中间跨度，它经常是在强风抵抗的设计的控制因素。在这个问题的明确的表达，建议方法联合 spalling 和结构的动力学理论的现象。一个例子被提供表明这个简化方法的适用性。

摘要：在对杆菌 thuringiensis (Berliner )(Bt ) 的内毒素的害虫的抵抗是对这简历杀虫剂的实用性的主要威胁，两个都用作传统的明确的表达并且在转基因的庄稼。为成功的抵抗管理策略的发展的一个关键要求是性质的分子的理解和抗性机制的继承。这个信息能被用来设计将推迟或抵抗 Bt 抵抗的管理策略。最好已知的 Bt 抗性机制在刷子边阶膜受体的激活。这类抵抗有继承的一个大部分后退的模式，它启用了抵抗管理途径包含，高剂量和避难处策略的设计。最近的观察建议另外的抗性机制是可能的，包括扣押的机制在通过可诱导的有免疫力的反应的内脏腔的毒素。与忍耐联系到毒素的提高的有免疫力的地位能被母体影响传给随后的代，它在这块地里为抵抗管理有含意。高 dose/refugestrategy 不能为这些其他的抗性机制的管理是适当的，如果可诱导的主导的抵抗或忍耐机制在这块地里经常发生，另外的策略不得不被发展。

摘要：层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)作为一种类水滑石薄膜,以其优异的特性在许多领域中具有广泛的应用.然而,现有的LDH膜制备路线具有大规模生长受限和不可控等问题.本文中,我们受一种草本植物“落地生根”(Bryophyllum Pinnatum)具有肆意生长特性的启发,首次引入可牺牲的共溅射锌-铝中间层作为“植物种子”,通过“局部溶解”和“溶液渗透”的结构转化机制在任意形状、大小及材质的基底材料上实现大规模、厚度可控的LDH膜制备.通过调控中间膜的成分、结构和表面形貌,设计具有不同特性的LDH转化膜.实验结果表明,所制备的LDH膜具有较大的厚度和多级微观结构的特性,在严苛的磨损条件下仍能实现良好的机械稳定性.另外,我们设计了一系列基于锌-铝单金属中间层的电偶模拟实验对LDH膜的化学转化机理进行了深入探究,解决了传统复杂水热过程中实时监测困难的问题.本工作不仅开发了一种制备具有多尺度特性的LDH转化膜的新策略,同时揭示了复杂的LDH原位转化机理,为拓宽LDH材料在先进智能材料上的实际应用提供了新的发展思路.

摘要：This paper presents a three-stage hypothesis on the development of creative industrial clusters, which includes stages of agglomeration, interfacing, and network development. In the first stage, micro-entities concentrate geographically in a creative industrial cluster in search of resources. The second stage reflects the need for building identity. Finally, the third stage is the outcome of multi-dimensional expansion. As a creative industrial cluster develops, its focus moves from geographic concentration to division of labor and the creation of novel systems. Using this three-stage framework, this paper conducts an empirical study on Beijing's 798 District ("798"). Our study finds that the "self-destruction" phenomenon (which appeared after 798 had reached the stage of network development in a low-level capacity) is essentially the product of a squeezing effect of commercial prosperity on art production. Our study further examines four models of art-commerce integration and explains the ways in which creative industrial clusters are different from conventional industrial clusters: a creative cluster is a platform of integration for culture, commerce, and technology. Its course of development is characterized by novelty, emergence of identity through interfacing, and network cooperation.

摘要：During the last three decades, the introduction of new construction materials (e.g. RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), strengthened gabions) has increased the interest for stepped channels and spillways. However stepped chute hydraulics is not simple, because of different flow regimes and importantly because of very-strong interactions between entrained air and turbu- lence. In this study, new air-water flow measurements were conducted in two large-size stepped chute facilities with two step heights in each facility to study experimental distortion caused by scale effects and the soundness of result extrapolation to pro- totypes. Experimental data included distributions of air concentration, air-water flow velocity, bubble frequency, bubble chord length and air-water flow turbulence intensity. For a Froude similitude, the results implied that scale effects were observed in both facilities, although the geometric scaling ratio was only Lr=2 in each case. The selection of the criterion for scale effects is a critical issue. For example, major differences (i.e. scale effects) were observed in terms of bubble chord sizes and turbulence levels al- though little scale effects were seen in terms of void fraction and velocity distributions. Overall the findings emphasize that physical modelling of stepped chutes based upon a Froude similitude is more sensitive to scale effects than classical smooth-invert chute studies, and this is consistent with basic dimensional analysis developed herein.