摘要：A technique for compensation of temperature effects in fiber grating sensors is reported. For strain sensors and other sensors related to strain such as electromagnetic sensors, a novel structure is designed, which uses two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as strain differential sensor and has temperature effects cancelled. Using this technique, the stress sensitivity has been amplified and gets up to 0.226 nm/N, the total variation in wavelength difference within the range of 3-45 °C is 0.03 nm, 1/14 of the uncompensated FBG. The structure can be used in the temperature-insensitive static strain measurement and minor-vibration measurement.

摘要：Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have been applied to address multiple environmental concerns including antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). ARGs have shown an increasing threat to human health,and they are either harbored by antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB) or free in the ***, the control of ARGs has been substantially limited by their low concentration and the limited knowledge about their interfacial behavior. Herein, a novel AOP catalyst, Ag/TiO_(2)/graphene oxide(GO),combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was designed with a synergistic interfacial adsorption and oxidation function to inactivate ARGs with high efficiency in both model solutions and in secondary wastewater effluent, especially when the residue concentration was *** analysis showed that the mineralization of bases and phosphodiesters mainly caused the inactivation of ARGs. Moreover, the interfacial adsorption and oxidation processes of ARGs were studied at the molecular level. The results showed that GO was rich in sp^(2) backbones and functional oxygen groups,which efficiently captured and enriched the ARGs via p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds. Therefore,the photogenerated active oxygen species attack the ARGs by partially overcoming the kinetic problems in this process. The Ag/Ti O2/GO catalyst was further combined with a PVDF membrane to test its potential in wastewater treatment applications. This work offers an efficient method and a corresponding material for the inactivation and mineralization of intra/extracellular ARGs. Moreover, the molecularlevel understanding of ARG behaviors on a solid–liquid interface will inspire further control strategies of ARGs in the future.

摘要：Sluggish water dissociation kinetics severely limits the rate of alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Therefore,finding highly active electrocatalysts and clarifying the mechanism of water dissociation are challenging but *** this study,we report an integrated nanoporous nickel(np-Ni)catalyst with high alkaline HER performance and the origin of the corresponding enhanced catalytic *** 1 mol L^(-1) KOH solution,this np-Ni electrode shows an HER overpotential of 20 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),along with fast water dissociation *** excellent performance is not only attributed to the large surface area provided by the three-dimensional interconnected conductive network but also from the enhanced intrinsic activity induced by the unique surface *** studies reveal that the types of oxygen species that naturally form on the Ni surface play a key role in water ***,when the lattice oxygen almost disappears,the Ni surface terminates with_(ads)orbed oxygen(O_(ads)),exhibiting the fastest water dissociation *** functional theory calculation suggests that when O_(ads)acts as the surface termination of Ni metal,the orientation and configuration of polar water molecules are strongly affected by O_(ads).Finally,the H–OH bond of interfacial water molecules is effectively activated in a manner similar to hydrogen *** work not only identifies a high-performance and low-cost electrocatalyst but also provides new insights into the chemical processes underlying water dissociation,thus benefiting the rational design of electrocatalysts.

摘要：Electrocatalytic urea synthesis provides a favorable strategy for conventional energy-consuming urea synthesis,but achieving large-scale catalyst synthesis with high catalytic efficiency remains ***,we developed a simple method for the preparation of a series of FeNi-alloy-based catalysts,named FeNi@nC-T(n represents the content of nanoporous carbon as 1,3,5,7 or 9 g and T=900,950,1000 or 1100°C),for highly performed urea synthesis via NO_(3)−and CO_(2)*** FeNi@7C-1000 achieved a high urea yield of 1041.33 mmol h^(−1)gFeNi^(−1)with a Faradaic efficiency of 15.56%at–1.2 V ***,the scale-up synthesized FeNi@7C-950-S(over 140 g per batch)was achieved with its high catalytic performance and high stability *** investigation illuminated that the Ni and Fe sites catalyze and stabilize the key*CO and*N intermediates and minimize the C–N coupling reaction barriers for highly efficient urea synthesis.

摘要：The correct identification of traffic signs plays an important role in automatic driving technology and road safety ***,to address the problems of misdetection and omission in traffic sign detection due to the variety of sign types,significant size differences and complex background information,an improved traffic sign detection model for RT-DETR was proposed in this ***,the HiLo attention mechanism was added to the Attention-based Intra-scale Feature Interaction,which further enhanced the feature extraction capability of the network and improved the detection efficiency on high-resolution ***,the CAFMFusion feature fusion mechanism was designed,which enabled the network to pay attention to the features in different regions in each *** on this,the model could better capture the remote dependencies and neighborhood feature correlation,improving the feature fusion capability of the ***,the MPDIoU was used as the loss function of the improved model to achieve faster convergence and more accurate regression *** experimental results on the TT100k-2021 traffic sign dataset showed that the improved model achieves the performance with a precision value of 90.2%,recall value of 88.1%and mAP@0.5 value of 91.6%,which are 4.6%,5.8%,and 4.4%better than the original RT-DETR model *** model effectively improves the problem of poor traffic sign detection and has greater practical value.

摘要：Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors （Li-HECs） facilitate effective combination of the advantages of supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries （LIBs）. However, challenges remain in designing and preparing suitable anode and cathode materials, which often require tedious and expensive procedures. Herein, we demonstrated that hollow N-doped carbon capsules （HNC） with and without a Fe304 nanoparticle core can respectively function as the anode and the cathode in very-high-performance Li-HECs. The Fe3Oa@NC anode exhibited a high reversible specific capacity exceeding 1530 mA h g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 and excellent rate capability （45% capacity retention from 0.1 to 5 A g^-1） and cycle stability （〉97% retention after 100 cycles）. Moreover, high rate performance was achieved in a full-cell using the HNC cathode. By combining the respective structural advantages of the components, the hybrid device with Fe3Oa@NC//HN C exhibited a remark- able energy density of 185 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 39 W kg^-1. The hybrid device furnished a battery-inaccessible power density of 28 kW kg^-1 with rapid charging/discharging within 9 s at an energy density of 95 W h kg^-1.

摘要：Three low bandgap non-fullerene acceptors based on thieno[3,2-b]thiophene fused core with different ending groups, named TTIC-M, TTIC, TTIC-F were designed and synthesized. Using a wide bandgap polymer PBDB-T as donor to form a complementary absorption in the range of 300–900 nm, high efficencies of 9.97%, 10.87% and 9.51% were achieved for TTIC-M, TTIC and TTFC-F based photovoltaic devices with impressively high short circuit current over21 mA cm^-2.

摘要：In the study of oriented bounding boxes(OBB)object detection in high-resolution remote sensing images,the problem of missed and wrong detection of small targets occurs because the targets are too small and have different *** OBB object detection for remote sensing images,although making good progress,mainly focuses on directional modeling,while less consideration is given to the size of the object as well as the problem of missed *** this study,a method based on improved YOLOv8 was proposed for detecting oriented objects in remote sensing images,which can improve the detection precision of oriented objects in remote sensing ***,the ResCBAMG module was innovatively designed,which could better extract channel and spatial correlation ***,the innovative top-down feature fusion layer network structure was proposed in conjunction with the Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)attention module,which helped to capture inter-local cross-channel interaction information ***,we introduced an innovative ResCBAMG module between the different C2f modules and detection heads of the bottom-up feature fusion *** innovative structure helped the model to better focus on the target *** precision and robustness of oriented target detection were also *** results on the DOTA-v1.5 dataset showed that the detection Precision,mAP@0.5,and mAP@0.5:0.95 metrics of the improved model are better compared to the original *** improvement is effective in detecting small targets and complex scenes.

摘要：传统电化学高级氧化技术存在有机物降解效率不高、能耗大的弊端,并且平板式电极表面存在滞止边界层,严重限制了传质过程.本工作中,我们首先通过水热方法将一维Co_(3)O_(4)纳米针状阵列结构原位负载于金属钛膜电极,低压电场下,实现难降解有机物的去除,其中:对于苯酚的去除率可达≥99%,化学需氧量(COD)和总有机碳(TOC)去除率分别为99.5%和92.5%,电流效率为88.7%,能耗仅为0.061 kW h(kg COD)^(-1).Co_(3)O_(4)纳米针的阵列式膜电极可以提供更多的CoOOH活性位,增强电场强度,而且其穿透式流体模式导致强化对流,可以明显地改善电催化反应过程的传质,因而提高膜电极的催化效率,降低能耗.最后,我们设计了H型电催化膜反应器,耦合阴极的析氢反应,降解有机物的同时制备纯氢,极大地提高了电极和膜反应器的效率.

摘要：具有高容量的LiNiO_(2)(LNO)是高能锂离子电池最受欢迎的正极材料之一,但是其存在结构和界面稳定性差,循环性能不理想等问题.常规Mg、Al元素掺杂可有效改善稳定性,但会导致可逆容量及倍率性能的损失.本文通过分段的共沉淀法制备了铝镁不均匀掺杂的LNO二次球形前驱体,利用不均匀掺杂减少了掺杂剂用量并诱导实现了前驱体表面形貌的重构,煅烧后形成具有疏松多孔表层形貌的二次颗粒.改性后的LNO正极具有良好的循环稳定性(全电池150次循环后容量保持率为95.1%)和大倍率放电能力(10 C时达到177.9 mA h g^(-1)),这是由于比表面积的增加促进了锂离子传输,以及镁、铝的掺杂缓解了LNO循环过程中的有害相变.该工作揭示了通过设计掺杂元素的分布可以有效地调节LNO的形貌、结构和性能,为合成高性能的LNO正极材料提供了新的策略.