摘要：Overseas research has shown that achievement emotions have direct relationships with ＂achievement outcome＂ and＂achievement activities＂. The purpose of the present study aimed to compare the relationships betweenachievement emotions, motivation, and language learning strategies of high, mid and low achievers in Englishlanguage learning at an international university in a southern province in China. Quantitative data were collectedthrough a questionnaire survey of 74 （16 males, 58 females） TESL major students. Results indicated that studentsin general experienced more positive than negative achievement emotions; more intrinsically rather thanextrinsically motivated to learn English; and quite frequently used a variety of learning strategies to overcome theirlearning difficulties. However, Year Four low-achievers experienced more negative achievement emotions. Theyseldom used metacognitive, affective and social learning strategies, and they had lower degrees of intrinsicmotivation. Implications for institutional support for at risk students are discussed.

摘要：As the most powerful nation in the world, the U.S. presidential election campaign drew a lot of attention from the media around the world. This study examines how party-orientation and market-orientation newspapers in China presented 2008 U.S. presidential election campaign to their audience, and how the news serve for the reproduction of domestic dominated ideology and safeguarding domestic political needs. It adopted content analysis and textual analysis as research methods. The results show that Party newspaper tends to serve domestic political ideology, while market-oriented newspapers showed mixed attitude toward political demand. Although market newspapers, out of the concern of political safety, employed some tactic to comply with the demand of dominated ideology to some extent, their cooperation was limited since their main purpose was commercial success and their presentation even destroy the aim of linkage politics for the reasons include acquiring market profit and/or pursuit of professional value. This study is a positive effort to make up the current research gap of studies on international news in Chinese media.

摘要：This paper proposes new ways to understand the sense of universality in music through a reflection and analysis of George Crumb＇s Black Angels （Images 1）： Thirteen lmages from the Dark Land, one of the defining musical expressions of the Vietnam War era. It centers on an analysis of the relationship of the body/self to an ＂ecology of war＂ produced through Crumb＇s music that renders these selves indistinct within this musical geography. The selves that inhabit Black Angels could be that of anybody in particular since Crumb seeks to invoke in his music the primeval experience of terror that inhabits in all of us as the inheritors of mankind＇s violence. This sense of the universal militates against the desirable qualities of popular music that rely on the production of autonomous and singular selves that make the distinction between enemy and friend possible and distinct. We focus on Crumb＇s use of archaisms, his construction of time in this piece, and the author＇s overall purpose to invoke a time of war rather than to reflect the conditions of war, in order to delineate the contours of the universal time and space producing the undifferentiated primeval self of war. We conclude that although Crumb＇s rejection of the national self deprives the piece of a salient place in the popular cannon of the war, it has left an intellectual legacy on the times of the Vietnam War that deserves to be preserved.

摘要：National Geographic has become a popular magazine all over the *** spectacular success roots in three aspects:the economic aspect,the cultural aspect,and the social *** specifically,its overseas expansion strategy and one-to-one membership system,its diverse cultural connotation,as well as its role in arousing audiences’responses from the natural predicaments help it become ***,National Geographic also brings profound enlightenments to the world publishing industry.

摘要：流行病学研究已经标准化成为一组“研究设计”。描述性研究是按时间、地点、人物来描述疾病并探讨其与可能危险因素间关联假设的研究。分析性研究则是检验这些假设。横断面研究是在一个特定时间点测量疾病与各种危险因素的现状。队列研究则是确定某危险因素的暴露人群和对照人群,观察比较二组间的疾病的发生情况。病例对照研究则是确定病人组以及从同一无病群体中选择的对照组,比较两组间危险因素的差异。实验性研究是队列研究的一个类型,在一个群体中,研究者指定一组接受某因素(治疗),另一组无此因素,然后比较两组的疾病的发生情况。所有上述研究必须保证所作比较对特定群体的适用性。这取决于是否从特定群体抽取了有代表性的样本。细致确定研究设计以及选择研究群体既有利新见解的产生,又可避免严重误差的发生。

摘要：数据(信息)是流行病学研究中的基础性资料。对信息的认真测量、记录及处理是研究过程的重要步骤。必须对数据的特征给予准确的描述,而数据的收集则需要可靠的工具。对测量过程中的定义和程序进行标准化可保证不同来源数据的可比性。在测量过程中认真负责,对测量人员进行严格培训可保证测量的精确性。还要特别注意数据记录过程中的完整性和准确性。可以利用常规或专门设计的表格来收集数据,也可以利用死亡或病例计数或失能测量数据进行评价。调查问卷是一种常用的数据收集工具。调查问卷包括研究对象基础信息和关于疾病及其影响因素调查问题两个部分。要想使问卷调查有意义,必须对问卷进行精心设计。关于疾病的比较常常使用“率”或“危险度”指标,从而涉及到分母(人群)和分子(病例数或事件数)的问题。患病率和发病率是标准的“危险度”测量指标。收集高质量的信息,并据此计算出“危险度”或“危险度比”,这就构成了流行病学的基础。

摘要：背景:对于与随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)有关的学术会议论文或期刊中发表的文章来说,清楚、明了、信息量充足的摘要是十分重要的,因为读者经常仅仅根据报告的摘要对一个临床试验作出评价。为此,我们需要对"临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明"进行扩充,制定一个期刊与学术会议论文摘要中报告RCT的必备条目清单。今后在任何期刊发表的论文或学术会议论文摘要中,作者对RCT结果的报告都要包含这些内容。方法与结果:我们根据现有的质量评价工具和基于经验的证据总结出一个条目清单。运用三轮修正式德尔菲法(modified-Delphi process)进行条目筛选。邀请共计109人参与电子网络调查,反馈率为61%。调查结果于2007年1月在加拿大蒙特贝罗举行的CONSORT小组会议中公布,与会的26人中有临床试验实施人员、统计学家、流行病学家以及生物医学编辑。经过讨论最终确定条目,随后对其进行修订以保证这些条目体现了会议期间以及会后的讨论思路。摘要CONSORT建议RCT报告的摘要需要有一个结构化的格式,其中应该包括具体的试验目的、试验设计(随机分配的方法、盲法或遮蔽等)、研究对象(对象描述、随机分组的样本量以及用于分析的样本量)、每组实施的干预、实施的干预对主要疗效结果的影响及其危害、试验结论、试验注册名称和编号以及资金来源。本文对每一条能够找到例子的纳入条目都配有良好报告范例、基本原理以及证据等,十分明了易懂,因此我们建议与清单同时使用。结论:摘要CONSORT旨在改善期刊与学术会议中发表的论文摘要的质量,这将有助于摘要提供详尽清晰的信息,这些信息能够帮助读者对试验的有效性和试验结果的适用性做出正确的评价。