摘要：We report a rationally designed one-pot method for the facile synthesis of Pd concave nanocubes in an aqueous solution at room temperature by manipulating the reduction kinetics through the selection of a proper combination of a salt precursor （PdBr4^2-） and reductant （sodium ascorbate）. Our kinetic analysis demonstrates that, through this selection, the nucleation and growth of Pd nanocrystals could be effectively separated into two kinetic regimes involving distinctive reduction pathways： i） solution reduction for the initial formation of single-crystal seeds and ii） surface reduction for the formation of concave nanocrystals via autocatalytic growth from the single-crystal seeds. The suppressed surface diffusion at room temperature, when coupled with the capping effect of bromide ions, ultimately leads to the formation of concave nanocubes with an asymmetric shape and high-index facets, whose synthesis would otherwise require multiple steps and the use of elevated temperatures.

摘要：This paper is concerned with the global boundedness problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with matched conditions. The uncertainties in the systems are due to parameter variations and external stochastic disturbance. Only the matched conditions and the possible bound of the uncertainties are demanded. Based on the stochastic Lyapunov stability theory, an explicit controller is constructed in the gradient direction, which renders responses of the closed-loop systems be globally bounded in probability. When the systems degrade to linear systems, the controller becomes linear. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

摘要：The spinodal decomposition method emerges as a promising methodology,showcasing its potential in exploring the design space for metamaterial ***,spinodal structures design is still largely limited to regular structures,due to their relatively easy parameterization and *** predicting the mechanical properties of 3D spinodal membrane structure remains a challenge,given that the features of the membrane necessitate adaptive mesh through the modelling *** paper proposes an integrated approach for morphological design with customized mechanical properties,incorporating the spinodal decomposition method and adaptive coarse-grained modeling,which can produce various morphologies such as lamellar,columnar,and cubic ***-periodic parameterβand orientational parameterΘ(θ_(1),θ_(2),θ_(3))are identified to achieve the optimal goal of anisotropic mechanical *** analysis is conducted to reveal the correlation between the customized spinodal structure and mechanical *** work provides an integrated approach for morphological variation and tuning mechanical properties,paving the way for the design and development of customized functional materials similar to 3D spinodal membrane structures.

摘要：Sherwood Anderson＇s Winesburg, Ohio （1919） has been the focus of numerous studies from a number of standpoints. This paper explores a short story ＂Mother＂ （1919） from Winesburg, Ohio and studies it from an evaluation-based perspective embracing the analysis of the artistic language and the style of the author＇s narration. The main focus of the study is concentrated on the genre-related issues as well as on the determining the reason why Anderson avoids the development of the given text and transforming it into the regime of a more large-scale prose. As it turns out from the analysis, Anderson elaborates a specific style of narration and creates the form that can be characterized as the mode of ＂epic sketch＂. Anderson favors to use much smaller meter and scope, and that choice serves the writer＇s purpose to describe the psychological portrait of one of the characters of the above-mentioned short story.

摘要：The paper shows that the story about the origin of Armenians, georgians and other Caucasians from a common ancestor, namely, from Targamos (Togormah)—The Life of the Fore-Patriarchs and Ancestors of the georgian Kings, which is represented in the introductory part of The georgian Chronicles and is dated back to the end of the11th, is a compiled work that mainly contains, on the one hand, an old georgian genealogical-geographical story about Tarshish’s son Kartlos (Iber) and his six brothers ( Egros, Movakan, Heros, Bardos, Lekan and Caucas)created at the end of the 6th c.-first half of the 8th c. based on Byzantine works, and on the other hand, a genealogical story created in old Armenian historiography about Targamos and his son Hayk that went through certain steps of development as well. In the process of synthesizing, Togormah (Targamos) and his son Hayk (Haos)were inserted between Tarsish and his son Kartlos (Iber), which violated the Biblical scheme as well as the structure of the sentence in which the insertion was made. The goal of developing the synthesized scheme was to bring evidence of the common origin of georgians and Armenians, as long as quite a large number of Armenians,because of the incorporation of a large part of Armenian territories within georgian borders, became citizens of georgia. At the same time, the story also offers a justification in the eyes of the Muslim world for the claims of georgia for Armenian territories. According to the newly-created synthesized scheme, georgia was “the successor brother” of Armenia(Haos//Hayk) and considering the absence of Armenian states, i.e., “the elder brother”,georgia was the only legal heir of Armenian territories.

摘要：Since nucleic acids(DNA and RNA) play very important roles in cells,they are molecular targets of many clinically used drugs,such as anticancer drugs and *** of clinical demands for treating various deadly cancers and drug-resistant strains of pathogens,there are urgent needs to develop novel therapeutic *** nucleic acids hasn’t been the mainstream of drug discovery in the past,and the lack of 3D structural information for designing and developing drug specificity is one of the main ***,many important structures of nucleic acids and their protein complexes have been determined over the past decade,which provide novel platforms for future drug design and *** this review,we describe some useful nucleic acid structures,particularly their interactions with the ligands and therapeutic candidates or even *** summarize important information for designing novel potent drugs and for targeting nucleic acids and protein-nucleic acid complexes to treat cancers and overcome the drug-resistant problems.

摘要：A new decentralized control for aircraft engines is proposed. In the proposed control approach, aircraft engines are considered as uncertain large-scale systems composed of interconnected uncertain subsystems. For each subsystem, the time-varying uncertainty, including parameter disturbances and interconnections in/between subsystems, is depicted by a class of general nonlinear functions. A fractional robust decentralized control with two parts, the nominal one and the fractional one, is presented. The nominal control guarantees the asymptotical stability of the engine system without uncertainty. The fractional part aims at overcoming the influences of uncertainty. Compared to the previous studies, the presented control provides not only an extra flexibility for the system performance tuning by the fraction-type gain but also a facility for the control input calculation. The proposed control approach is applied to a turbofan engine with two subsystems. The computer simulation shows that, in the flight envelope, the fractional control not only guarantees the closed-loop system uniform boundedness and ultimate uniform boundedness but also shows good economy.

摘要：In 1329-1334, George the Brilliant took advantage of the situation created in the llkhanate, eliminated his political opponents and restored the territorial integrity of georgia. He created a solid legal basis for the country and regulated the ecclesiastic area. He was in West georgia in 1329-1332/1333. The llkhanid coin was not minted in georgia during that period; yet, soon the king of georgia, which had already been united by that time, restored relations with llkhanids and returned to Tbilisi, which implied making the already united georgia subject to Mongols. Ilkhanid coins and later, coins of Chobanids, the Golden Horde and Jalayirids circulated during the reign of George the Brdhant. In 1338-1339 George the Brilliant conquered Ossetia and Ilkhanid coins were disseminated on the territory of the Golden Horde after that. Formally, georgia remained under the control of Ilkhanids, which was replaced by Chobanids in 1338 and the governors of the Golden Horde in 757/1356; and in parallel and afterwards by Jalayirids, which is evidenced by written sources as well as numismatic data; Despite formal dependence on the foreign power, which is evidenced by the deployment of 10,000 troops at the border of georgia as well, the country enjoyed a rather wide internal autonomy. Participation of George the Brilliant in sending envoys for the purpose of the redemption of the Jvari （Cross） Monastery in Palestine in 1316/7, 1320 cannot be assumed. It seems that in those years envoys were sent by Constantine, the king of West georgia. All the above do not diminish the merits of George V to the georgian nation and his historic role in terms of the political unification of the country, the creation of a legal basis for it and the regulation of ecclesiastic affairs--the accomplishments of the king, who deservedly bears the name ＂the Brilliant＂.

摘要：A variable magnetization(VM) motor by incorporating magnets that can be flexibly configured with variable magnetization process is proposed to meet the emerging requirements on motor efficiency and actuator compliance in robotic applications. A generalized spin torque model is established which provides a relationship between the motor torque and two different types of motor inputs, the current inputs and the magnet magnetizations. Avariable magnetization process is proposed based on the study of the hysteresis properties of the magnetic materials and the design criteria for implementing the variable magnetization process with current pulses are established. The feasibility of the variable magnetization is validated with experimental data and the motor functions and performances are numerically demonstrated and evaluated. The results show that the VM motor can maintain high efficiency by switching between two actuation modes. Controllable stiffness at different equilibria can be also achieved with the VM motor with instantaneous magnetizing current pulses.

摘要：Language teaching entails the use of varied methods to maximize learning. Most language educators, particularly those teaching foreign languages tend to use lesson review sheets, dialogue practice, drills on grammar, audio tapes or text recordings. Educators also make use of media to enhance learning while a few language instructors use graded-conversations. Thus, this paper explores ways in which graded-conversations impact language learning. This paper shows how using graded-conversations in a Swahili language classroom enhanced language learning and encouraged students to collaborate in and outside the classroom. More specifically, the findings indicate that while graded-conversations motivated students to communicate with each other beyond classroom and use social media to help each other study, assignments shape the type and quality of students＇ collaboration. Implications for teaching are presented.