摘要：This study investigates the language strategies used by Shakespeare in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (1603). Emphasis is given to the type of language or register Shakespeare provides his characters with in order to give them genuine or assumed identities. The linguistic register of the three major characters of Claudius, the Ghost, and Hamlet is explored in light of the Elizabethan cultural context. This concern with these three characters stems from the basic assumption of the paper that the play is a struggle between Claudius and the Ghost over Hamlet. Claudius speaks the language of a monarch which is informed by the code of society; the Ghost, who used to speak such language of sovereignty while alive, speaks a language of the dead informed by a newly acquired experience not familiar to human beings. On the other hand, Hamlet"s use of language is the most peculiar in the play. His register keeps changing according to his tragic growth and his readiness for action. The study indicates that the language functions Shakespeare utilizes in Hamlet are numerous. Language is used creatively for a variety of purposes in addition to communication. The playwright employs language as a shield for self-defense, a tool for defining and hiding identity and misleading and manipulating others, a means of search for reality, and a tool for punishment, among other functions. The study findings invite further research into Shakespeare"s use of language in his plays. No detailed in-depth studies of Shakespearean language and its implications exist.

摘要：The time has come to recognize the extreme importance of the archaeological sites in jordan. They provide a wealth evidence and precise information regarding ancient civilizations and cultures. The safeguarding of this cultural heritage is one of the most urgent priorities, that involve the proper conservation and preservation methods of all artifacts and buildings that have an important artistic and historic value. Conservation is a whole field in regarding the care and treatment of valuable artifacts, both movable and immovable. It has two aspects: (1) the control of the environment—-to minimize the decay of artifacts and materials and (2) the treatment of these—-in order to stop or slow down any deterioration and to stabilize them where possible against further dilapidation. The museum environment is a limited space dedicated not only to exhibition but also to the appropriate conservation of works of art. This article presents an overview of the types of damage and deterioration that air pollution causes to indoor cultural heritage materials and monuments. It identifies the main damaging air pollutants from outdoor sources to be sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphide gases.

摘要：The aim of this study is to provide stimulating and comfortable environments for the occupants and minimize the risk of green building related health problems. Researcher has developed a number of assumptions that helps to resolve the research problems, which includes the application of the indoor environmental quality and will highlight the required design standards of it to provide a healthy environment to the houses and chosen AREE (Aqaba residence energy efficiency) as a case study. The theoretical part goes through a brief study to definition of the required design standards which includes eight kinds of issues: indoor environmental quality intents, control of environmental tobacco smoke, control of chemicals contaminants, design well ventilated buildings, provide daylight/view, energy efficient lighting, thermal comfort, consider acoustics and its uses in all the elements of internal spaces. Than we going through the uses of these requirements by using descriptive analytical approach, we chose one case study (AREE). To analyze the uses of their requirements of the indoor environmental quality and we also collect the information about this house from the owner of the AREE, then draw conclusions and list of references.

摘要：Fuel cell is an important promised source of clean renewable energy that is being under extensive scientific investigation and developments. One important type of fuel cells is PEM (proton exchange membrane fuel cell), which is considered in this study. Specifically, this study aimed at building-up of mathematical computerized model to simulate the stages of PEM fuel cell and to investigate the effects of cell design and operation parameters on its general performance. These include membrane thickness, cell area, hydrogen pressure and ionic current density. One-dimensional model has been introduced and appealed to analyze the effects of PEM fuel cell parameters on its overall performance. The results demonstrate that the cell power (and electrical efficiency) reduces as the thickness of cell membrane gets larger. Moreover, the peak point of cell power gets its maximum value at membrane thickness of 0.005 cm and its minimum value at 0.05 cm. However, the optimum value for ionic current density to get relative high cell power and electrical efficiency is equal 0.81 A/cm 2. These findings enhance research efforts toward new design and materials of PEM fuel cell.