摘要：Needs analysis is considered a necessary first step in designing ESP courses. This study, therefore, aims at analysing students at the Faculty of Public and Environmental Health （PEH） at the university of khartoum （U of K）, Sudan, needs for English language. The study adopted the needs analysis framework suggested by Dudley-Evans and St John （1998） focusing on target needs analysis, present situation analysis, and learning means needs analysis. The study used a questionnaire, a proficiency test, and an interview to collect data. The participants were 490 students at PEH （390 participated in the questionnaire and 100 in the proficiency test） and two professors at the Faculty. The study found that PEH students need English language for academic study. The students rated their proficiency as good, but the test revealed that they were of weak proficiency. All the four skills in addition to vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation are regarded as important to the students. Similarly, almost all the sub-skills are found to be important. The students have a variety of leaming needs such as learning in pairs, groups, and through ICT. The study recommends that PEH students＇ proficiency should be raised and a course that meets the students＇ needs is needed.

摘要：This study was carried out to assess the growth characteristics of Grewia moll＆, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa under the nursery and field conditions. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, university of Juba, khartoum, Sudan. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Morphological and physiological factors were measured. Seedlings height, number of leaves, number of branches and sub-branches were different （P 〈 0.05） among the three species at the nursery stage and under field conditions. Collar diameter showed significant difference among the species under field conditions. Physiological factors exhibited more significant variations in the field than at the nursery stage. Variations in growth characteristics were attributed to genetics differences and different growth habit, while variations in physiological factors （photosynthesis and transpiration rate） were attributed to differences in leaf structure, size and number of stomatal pores.

摘要：This paper studies the impact of handicrafts on the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education through handicrafts based on local customs and traditions. Descriptive, analytical, and experimental methods are used in this research. The results of the study are expected to benefit from the results of this study to provide planners handicrafts in the Ministry of Education. An effective strategy can affect the teaching and learning of handicrafts, the protection of its features and its presence and identity. The study sample consists of 45 students of the third level, batch 2012-2013, from the faculty of Education at the university of khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. The researchers to prepare topics for handicrafts depend on the use of local materials and units which are derived from the environment and represent the Artistic heritage that is shown through handicrafts （pottery, ceramics, calligraphy, decoration, carpet weaving and textile, sewing, embroidery, sculpture and engraving on wood, metal works, and printing works）. The researchers focuse that the students learn the value of handicrafts in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product. The results confLrms the existence of a difference in the quality and value of handicrafts for students in both groups： the experimental and control group, which confirms that the handcrafts lead to the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education. The researchers are recommended to consider of this topic as a main component which enables an area for further studies to develop different strategies in the field of handicrafts, for students to recognize the importance of the handicrafts value in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product.

摘要：A computer program was developed in C++language to predict the effect of soil bulk density on draft force on bottoms,share thickness,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch *** was found that,as soil bulk density increased,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch bar *** diameter of shear pin should be larger to meet wide range of soil density.

摘要：This study was carried out to assess the leaves and fruits of Grewia mollis, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa for their potentials to produce high nutritive value fodder under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, university of Juba-khartoum-Sudan. Randomized Complete Block design with three replications was used. Proximate analysis was carried to estimate nutritive value, and mineral contents of leaves, seeds and fruit pulp of the three species. Results indicated significant difference （P ≤ 0.05） in nutritive value of the leaves among the three species; dry matter, ash, and acid detergent factor （ADF） kg/ha, while no significant difference was observed among the species in crude protein （CP） and nutrient detergent factor （NDF） kg/ha. Mineral contents of the leaves of the three species showed variations among the species and seasons. Seeds and fruit pulp were found to have considerable levels of nutrients and mineral contents. The nutritive value of the three species was higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season. The results of this study indicate that the three species can be introduced as a source of fodder in animal production farms and silvopastural systems.

摘要：In this paper, a design optimization for the reinforced concrete plane frame structure has been done in order to minimize the cost of the concrete and steel for beams and columns by adopting the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) computational model trough the NeuroShell-2 software program. The design procedure conforms to the ACI-318-08 Code. The variables used for design optimization are the width, depth and the area of reinforced steel, including longitudinal reinforcement and shear reinforcement. A three-bay two-story RC frame is modeled with selecting different span length and different load cases. Acceptable design results are obtained from more than 50 examples which are subjected to all the constraints of the ACI Code, using different cross-section sizes and these results are used to train the NeuroShell-2 program. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the ANN procedure for the multi story RC frame design.

摘要：地点:Red Sea、Gadaref以及khartoum州的转诊医院和初级卫生保健(PHC)机构。目的:评价结核病诊疗服务分散化对结核病临床表现以及治疗结局的影响。设计:在苏丹选定三个地区,根据PHC机构和转诊医院病人的常规信息进行病例发现以及治疗结局的队列分析。结果:就诊于转诊医院的结核病人中有2/3得以确诊,而在PHC机构的就医者则只有1/3明确了结核病诊断。女性病例占PHC机构报告病例的46％,占转诊医院报告病例的37.9％(OR=1.398,95％可信区间:1.343-1.455)。高年龄组人群就医于PHC机 构的可能性大于转诊医院。在转诊医院就医的病人中,38％治愈,29.3％完成疗程但未进行涂片检查,17.3％中断治疗;而在PHC机构的就医者,则有58％治愈,17.8％完成疗程但未进行涂片检查,11.6％中断治疗。结论:PHC机构为较高比例的女性以及年老结核病人提供了医疗服务,这提示女性以及年老结核病人对PHC机构有较高的利用率。PHC机构有较高的治愈率和较低的治疗中断率,这可能反映出其具有良好的直接督导治疗以及随访条件。

摘要：目的:报告16例颅内结核瘤患者的临床、影像学表现及抗结核治疗的结果。设计:本文共纳入苏丹Khartoun市全国神经系统疾病中心连续观察的16例脑结核瘤患者。诊断则依据其临床、头颅影像学特征及对抗结核治疗有效等方面。本组中共有7例具有脑组织或脑外组织的病理组织学资料。结果与结论:本组病例最常见的临床表现是头痛(100%)、全身性抽搐(68.7%)及偏瘫(56.2%)。头颅横断面电子计算机体层摄影(CT)/核磁共振成像(MRI)显示单个或多个明显增强的病变及病灶周围水肿。经抗结核治疗后,多数存活患者(13/15)病变完全吸收。病变部分吸收与就诊延迟、颅内多个大病灶及晚期粟粒性结核病有关。我们主张对颅内结核瘤,即使是拟诊病例,应早期经验性试用抗结核治疗,尤其在结核病高发地区。