摘要：It has been hypothesized that leaflet substrates with a trilayer structure and anisotropicmechanical properties could be useful for the production of functional and long-lasting tissue-engineered *** investigate the influence of the anisotropic structural and mechanical characteristics of a substrate on cells,in this study,we electrospun trilayer anisotropic fibrous substrates and randomly oriented isotropic fibrous substrates(used as controls)from polycaprolactone ***,the random substrates had higher radial and lower circumferential tensile properties than the trilayer substrates;however,they had similar flexural *** valvular interstitial cells cultured on both substrates produced random and trilayer cell-cultured constructs,*** trilayer cell-cultured constructs had more anisotropic mechanical properties,17%higher cellular proliferation,14%more extracellular matrix(i.e.,collagen and glycosaminoglycan)production,and superior gene and protein expression,suggesting that more cells were in a growth state in the trilayer constructs than in the random ***,the random and radial layers of the trilayer constructs had more vimentin,collagen,transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-ß1),transforming growth factor-beta 3(TGF-ß3)gene expression than in the circumferential layer of the *** study verifies that the differences in structural,tensile,and anisotropic properties of the trilayer and random substrates influence the characteristics of the cells and ECM in the constructs.

摘要：分析了国内外水平井控水技术研究现状,介绍了水平井中常用的控水技术,总结了针对不同完井方式水平井的控水方法。控水方法大体上可分为两类,即机械方法和化学方法,两类方法可单独使用或组合使用。机械方法通常用于井筒或近井堵水,化学方法可用于封堵基质孔隙或裂缝。在设计堵水方案时应考虑井筒的完井方式,机械方法和化学方法均可用于裸眼完井及套管射孔完井的水平井;割缝衬管完井及防砂筛管完井只能选择化学方法进行堵水,机械方法只能提供临时的区域分隔。机械方法成本略高于化学方法,且堵水过程中的深度校正也是一个操作难点。当出水点在水平井趾端时,机械或化学方法均可单独使用;当出水点靠近跟端或在水平井段时,则需使用封隔工具进行层位封隔及目标层封堵。

摘要：Everyone experiences disambiguous feelings of location, of where the concrete world exists. Artists of every dicipline attempt to recreate this connection to real or ＂imagined communities＂ for their public. How do they do this？ How do they bring about a deep and controled feeling in others for a particular location or imagined place？ By analyzing recollection and setting through objects, iconography, signifiers, and theoretical construct, attended by visual examples, a system of determinate mapping evolves

摘要：A unique porcine extracellular matrix (ECM) derived injectable tissue construct with 100 nm or 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was developed for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. ECM has been shown to encourage cellularity and tissue remodeling due to its release of growth factors while AuNP have been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Injectable tissue constructs were created by homogenizing decellularized porcine diaphragm tendon conjugated with 100 nm or 20 nm AuNP at 1x, 4x, and 8x concentrations. Extrusion force testing demonstrated that homogenized tissue constructs were injectable at an appropriate cannula size and force. L-929 murine fibroblasts were used to measure cell viability, cell proliferation, intracellular ROS levels, and cell migration in response to constructs. Enhanced cell viability and proliferation are observed on 1 × 20 nm AuNP constructs. ROS assays demonstrate reduced cellular ROS concentrations from all 20 nm AuNP constructs and from 8 × 100 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Cellular migration is higher towards 4 × 20 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Results support the potential use of a porcine ECM derived injectable tissue construct with AuNP as an injectable tissue construct to reduce inflammation and to promote tissue remodeling in musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications.

摘要：Experiments were carried out to investigate the liquid flow distribution at high gas/liquid ratios in a cold model monolith bed of a 0.048 m diameter with 62 cells per *** types of distributor for the liquid distribu-tion were used to evaluate their distribution *** liquid saturation in individual channels was meas-ured using 16 single-point optical fiber probes mounted inside the *** results indicate that 1) The optical fiber probe technique can measure phase distribution in the monolith bed;2) Liquid saturation distribution along the radial direction of the monolith bed is not uniform and the extent of non-uniformity depends on the distributor de-sign and phase velocities;and 3) The tube array distributor provides superior liquid distribution performance over the showerhead and nozzle distributors.

摘要：Conventional reliability-based design optimization （RBDO） requires to use the most probable point （MPP） method for a probabilistic analysis of the reliability constraints. A new approach is presented, called as the minimum error point （MEP） method or the MEP based method, for reliability-based design optimization, whose idea is to minimize the error produced by approximating performance functions. The MEP based method uses the first order Taylor＇s expansion at MEP instead of MPP. Examples demonstrate that the MEP based design optimization can ensure product reliability at the required level, which is very imperative for many important engineering systems. The MEP based reliability design optimization method is feasible and is considered as an alternative for solving reliability design optimization problems. The MEP based method is more robust than the commonly used MPP based method for some irregular performance functions.

摘要：We investigate the dependency of strain rate,temperature and size on yield strength of hexagonal close packed（HCP） nanowires based on large-scale molecular dynamics（MD） simulation.A variance-based analysis has been proposed to quantify relative sensitivity of the three controlling factors on the yield strength of the *** of the major drawbacks of conventional MD simulation based studies is that the simulations are computationally very intensive and economically *** scale molecular dynamics simulation needs supercomputing access and the larger the number of atoms,the longer it takes time and computational *** this reason it becomes practically impossible to perform a robust and comprehensive analysis that requires multiple simulations such as sensitivity analysis,uncertainty quantification and *** propose a novel surrogate based molecular dynamics（SBMD）simulation approach that enables us to carry out thousands of virtual simulations for different combinations of the controlling factors in a computationally efficient way by performing only few MD *** the SBMD simulation approach an efficient optimum design scheme has been developed to predict optimized size of the nanowire to maximize the yield *** the effect of inevitable uncertainty associated with the controlling factors has been quantified using Monte Carlo *** we have confined our analyses in this article for Magnesium nanowires only,the proposed approach can be extended to other materials for computationally intensive nano-scale investigation involving multiple factors of influence.

摘要：This paper introduces a web-based application that enables engineers or designers to identify risks during the conceptual phase of a product design. This software application was developed based on the Risk in Early Design (RED) method developed by Author, Stone, and Tumer. The RED method demonstrates that risks can be identified in the early phase of product design by relating recorded historical failure information to product functions. Based on the concept of RED theory and current industry needs, the goals of a web-based RED application were defined. These goals are the intended benefits or functionalities that the web-based RED application would provide. In addition, a multi-level evaluation framework was adopted to determine how well the application meets the needs of various organizations. As part of the evaluation, a questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample industrial and academic user group. The results of the evaluation indicate that the web-based RED software application meets many of the goals to help an organization in performing product risk analysis.

摘要：Ptanning the design of the emergency department （ED） is a complex process. Hospital readers and architects must consider many complex and interdependent factors, including evolving market demands, patient volume, care models, operational processes, staffing, and medical equipment. The application of digital toots, such as discrete event simulation （DES） and space syntax analysis （SSA）, arrows hospital administrators and designers to quantitativety and objectively optimize their facilities. This paper presents a case study that utitized both DES and SSA to optimize the care process and to design the space in an ED environment. DES was apptied in three phases： master planning, process improvement in the existing ED, and designing the new ED. SSA was used to compare the new design with the existing layout to evatuate the effectiveness of the new design in supporting visuat surveiltance and care coordination. This case study demonstrates that DES and SSA are effective toots for facilitating decision-making retated to design, reducing capital and operational costs, and improving organizational performance. DES focuses on operational processes and care flow. SSA complements DES with its strength in linking space to human behavior. Combining both tools can lead to high-performance ED design and can extend to broad applications in health care.

摘要：The past decade or two has witnessed tremendous progress in theory and practice of quantum control *** different scientific disciplines ranging from fundamental particle physics to nanotechnology,the goal of quantum control has been to develop effective and efficient tools for common analysis and design,but more importantly would pave the way for future technological *** article briefly reviews basic quantum control theory from the perspective of modeling,analysis and design,as well as considers future research directions.