摘要：Pt based materials are the most efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)in fuel *** the utilization of Pt based materials by modulating their morphologies to expose more active sites is a fundamental objective for the practical application of fuel ***,we report a new class of hierarchically skeletal Pt-Ni nanocrystals(HSNs)with a multi-layered structure,prepared by an inorganic acid-induced solvothermal *** addition of H_(2)SO_(4)to the synthetic protocol provides a critical trigger for the successful growth of Pt-Ni nanocrystals with the desired *** Pt-Ni HSNs synthesized by this method exhibit enhanced mass activity of 1.25 A mgpt−1 at 0.9 V(versus the reversible hydrogen electrode)towards ORR in 0.1-M HClO_(4),which is superior to that of Pt-Ni multi-branched nanocrystals obtained by the same method in the absence of inorganic acid;it is additionally 8.9-fold higher than that of the commercial Pt/C ***,it displays enhanced stability,with only 21.6%mass activity loss after 10,000 cycles(0.6–1.0 V)for ***,the Pt-Ni HSNs show enhanced activity and anti-toxic ability in CO for *** superb activity of the Pt-Ni HSNs for ORR and MOR is fully attributed to an extensively exposed electrochemical surface area and high intrinsic activity,induced by strain effects,provided by the unique hierarchically skeletal alloy *** novel open and hierarchical structure of Pt-Ni alloy provides a promising approach for significant improvements of the activity of Pt based alloy electrocatalysts.

摘要：为了寻找更多高活性化合物和进行先导结构的衍生,利用Ugi反应设计合成了18个4-甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑新化合物(I-1～I-18),其结构均经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱的表征和确认。杀菌、抗病毒以及诱导活性的筛选结果表明:目标化合物I-3和I-11抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的半叶法活性高于对照药剂病毒唑,I-6的保护活性和钝化活性高于病毒唑,I-12的治疗活性高于病毒唑,I-16的诱导活性高于对照药剂噻酰菌胺;氟原子的引入有利于保持和提高新化合物的抗病毒活性,4-甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑和氟原子是新化合物抗病毒的重要活性亚结构单元。Ugi反应是新农药创制中先导优化的绿色手段。