摘要：开发钙钛矿叠层太阳电池是一种可以突破单结太阳电池Shockley-Queisser极限的光伏技术.令人鼓舞的是,所有钙钛矿叠层器件,包括钙钛矿/硅、钙钛矿/钙钛矿、钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒和钙钛矿/有机叠层电池,都表现出比相应单结太阳电池更高的效率,显示出巨大的进一步突破的潜力.在叠层器件中,电荷传输材料是钙钛矿子电池的重要组成部分,它直接决定了器件的电荷传输和能量损失.一般来说,高导电性和透光性、良好的能级和化学稳定性是电荷传输材料叠层应用的关键.迄今为止,导电金属氧化物、有机分子、聚合物、富勒烯、自组装材料等各种电荷传输材料已被广泛应用于高效叠层电池.在本文中,我们首先总结了不同类型钙钛矿叠层电池的电荷传输材料的最新进展,详细讨论了材料的电学和光学性质及其对器件性能的影响.在此基础上,我们提出了叠层电池中电荷传输材料进一步发展所面临的挑战和展望.本综述将为不同钙钛矿叠层太阳电池的器件设计提供有效指导.

摘要：Good design implies successful enterprise . Enterprises need design. And design needs to be managed. The paper analyzed the states of the applications of design and design management (DM) in Chinese minor enterprises. Direct towards the current situation of lacking design and design management, the paper expounded the necessity of introducing DM into minor enterprises. And then gave Chinese minor enterprises some strategies and methods such as how to implement design and design management, design description, and organization management of DM, etc. Being verified by author s practice, the strategies and methods aiming at Chinese minor enterprise that the paper put forward were instruction and maneuverability.

摘要：Elaborated the multimedia technologies in the teaching characteristic, definitely multimedia technical superiority at the same time, the union managed by the people university have used the question which in the multimedia technologies appears to propose some improvement method as well as in the multimedia technologies the question which should pay attention in the teaching. Proposed in the modem education media, the teacher reasonably chooses and utilizes the science teaching process through the teaching design which multimedia technical and the traditional teaching method organic synthesis forms, all played to the curriculum and the teaching method reform the positive role. The science uses the multimedia technologies, may avoid the multimedia technologies in classroom instruction application some erroneous zones, the realization teaching effect optimization.

摘要：This paper describes a low-noise front-end readout circuit for CZT detectors based on TSMC 0.35 um mixed-single CMOS technology;mainly analyzes the noise model of the detector-preamplifier and presents the low-noise circuit schematic of charge sensitive preamplifier and shaper. Considering the parasitical influences, the circuit and layout-design are optimized to reduce noise. The preliminary simulation results show that, the equivalent noise charge (ENC) is 74 e﹣ (rms), noise slope is 9 e﹣/pF, power consumption is 2 mW, and non-linearity

摘要：In the light of the defect of web vulnerability detection system, combined with the characteristics of high efficient and sharing in the cloud environment, a design proposal is presented based on cloud environment, which analyses the key technology of gaining the URL, task allocation and scheduling and the design of attack detection. Experiment shows its feasibility and effectiveness in this paper.

摘要：A 72 mW highly integrated dual-channel multimode GNSS（global navigation satellite system） receiver with aΣ△fractional-N synthesizer which covers GPS L1 and the Compass B1/B2/B3 band is *** chip was fabricated in a TSMC CMOS 0.18μm process and packaged in a 48-pin 3×3 mm^2 land grid array chip scale *** work achieves NF≤5.3 dB without an external LNA,channel gain = 105 dB for channel one （Compass B2 and B3 band）,and channel gain = 110 dB for channel two（GPS L1 and Compass B1 band）.Image rejection（IMRR） = 36 dB,phase noise is -115.9 dBc @ 1 MHz and -108.9 dBc @ 1 MHz offset from the carrier for the two channels *** the low power consumption,multibands of GNSS are compatible in one chip, which is easy for consumers to use,when two different navigation signals are received simultaneously.

摘要：The architecture of a multi-channel front-end system is important for realizing a high-resolution PET system. We propose a novel front-end readout electronic system with TDC to deal with time information for PET system which can easily design the timing control. Each channel consists of a charge preamplifier, slow/fast shaper, discriminator and an analog memory. There are an ADC and a TDC to process the energy information and time information for each channel at the same time. In this paper, the whole system signals flow is all simulated by MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed system can process slender current from the detector and achieve the energy and time information. The proposed architecture can be applied to high-resolution PET imaging systems with multi-channel ASICs.

摘要：Recently,smart superwetting porous materials have aroused much attention,and it is well known that tunable surface wettability and pore structure/size are extremely important for their ***,only one factor can be regulated on existing materials,which significantly restricts their controllability,functions,and applications.A new material was prepared by electrodepositing a layer of polypyrrole on a shape memory sponge,on which switchable superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity and adjustable pore size within the range of about 28 nm to 895μm can be *** synergistically tuning the wettability and pore size,both ON/OFF water permeation and accurate flux can be ***,we also applied the sponge for molecule release,and diverse release manners with precise/smart controllability can be *** paper reports for the first time a smart material with controllability in both surface wetting and pore size,which provides a new strategy for the preparation of novel smart superwetting porous materials.

摘要：Iron oxide supported Au nanomaterials are one of the most studied catalysts for low-temperature CO *** performance not only critically depends on the size of the supported Au nanoparticles(NPs)but also strongly on the chemical nature of the iron *** this study,Au NPs supported on iron oxide nanorods with different surface properties throughβ-FeOOH annealing,at varying temperatures,were synthesized,and applied in the CO *** characterizations of the interactions between Au NPs and iron oxides were obtained by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron *** results indicate that the surface hydroxyl group on the Au/FeOOH catalyst,before calcination(Au/FeOOH-fresh),could facilitate the oxygen adsorption and dissociation on positively charged Au,thereby contributing to the low-temperature CO oxidation *** calcination at 200℃,under air exposure,the chemical state of the supported Au NP on varied iron oxides partly changed from metal cation to Au0,along with the disappearance of the surface OH ***/FeOOH with the highest Au0 content exhibits the highest activity in CO oxidation,among the as-synthesized ***,good durability in CO oxidation was achieved over the Au/FeOOH catalyst for 12 h without observable *** addition,the advanced identical-location TEM method was applied to the gas phase reaction to probe the structure evolution of the Au/iron oxide series of the catalysts and support structure.A Au NP size-dependent Ostwald ripening process mediated by the transport of Au(CO)x mobile species under certain reaction conditions is proposed,which offers a new insight into the validity of the structure-performance relationship.

摘要：Based on a theoretical motion equation of encapsulated microbubbles within an ultrasound field, the subharmonic characterizations of microbubbles are optimally designed and analyzed by a computer aided design system. The effects of size, shell elasticity and acoustic pressure on subharmonic response of microbubbles are calculated theoretically to obtain the optimal parameters for nondestructive subharmonic imaging. In addition, microbubbles with different shell elasticity are prepared, and their subharmonic responses are measured in vitro. The results of theoretical calculation and acoustic measurement show that good subharmonic enhancement can be obtained by using the encapsulated microbubbles with the mean size of 3 μm, which were prepared from the surfactant solution with the proper ratio of shell material. It is also shown that the best operating acoustic pressure is 200 to 400 kPa for nondestructive subharmonic imaging based on such kind of microbubbles.